S & T for Enhanced Societal Security: A European Approach Bengt Sundelius Professor of Government, Uppsala University & Swedish National Defence College Swedish Agreement Director for Science &Technology Agreement with The US Department of Homeland Security and coordinated by the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency

Societal security – a social contract with the citizens It is an obligation of good governance to prepare for the unthinkable and to allocate the necessary resources to minimize the impact on people and society from catastrophic events

An All Hazards plus Approach Societal consequences are similar for crises caused by natural disasters, man-made disasters or by terrorists and other antagonistic threats. Critical functions of Society are at stake This approach draws on a different logic than a counter- terrorism plus approach, where immense investments in security measures for antagonistic threats may also give other societal security effects.

Challenges for Societal Security Trans-boundary & Real Time Flows Technological Interconnectedness Second & Third Order Consequences Mediatization Governing versus Government Public Service versus Private Profit Multilevel, Cross-sector & Multilateral Capacity Building

Failures of Imagination (9/11) Initiative (Katrina) Next: Coordination (trans-boundary crisis)

Overcoming Jurisdictional and Mental Gaps Security and Safety professionals Civil and Military professionals Civil and Civil authorities National, Regional and Local authorities Public authorities and Private Sector Public domain and Volunteer associations

Generic Crisis Management Capacities Situational Awareness (understanding) Coordinated Decision Making Coordinated External Information

Crisis Communication The image of the crisis and the crisis must be handled simultaneously

Vulnerability Surpluses & Crisis Management Capacity Deficits in Europe Domestic focus is dangerously limiting EU Solidarity Clause for managing trans-boundary crises (not yet ratified Lisbon Treaty) Requires coordination across: – Multi-sectors, – Multi-levels, – Multi-institutions, – Multi-nationals, – and Multi-continental

Research Training Improved Practices Societal Security Research Program Curriculum Development for Higher Education Comprehensive Training and Coordinated Exercises for Government Authorities and with Private Sector and NGO Engagement

Research based programs for Capacity Building and Training Linking professionals in leadership roles across sectors and nations Using interactive simulations and scenario based exercises to strengthen the common capacity for coordination Establishing an institutionalized core for Solidarity driven capacity building through research and training

Evolution of civil European security research From ESRIF web-site PASR ( ) 45 M time FP7 Security Theme ( ) 1400 M ESRAB report Meeting the challenge: the European Security Research Agenda (Oct 2006) ESRAB ( ) European Security Research: The Next Steps (Sept 2004) GoP report Research for a secure Europe (March 2004) GoP ( ) ESRIF ( ) Fostering Public-Private Dialogue in Security Research and Innovation (Sept 2007) Various national programmes SRC06 Vienna SRC07 Berlin SRC08 Paris SRC09 Stockholm SRC10 Brussels New Commission Communication announced Nationally based security research programs are estimated to match EU level funding ~10:1

Place and Time13 UK: Security and Counter- Terrorism Science and Innovation Strategy SE: National Security Technology Research and Innovation Program NL: R&D Programme on Security, Safety and Technology FR: Research Programme CSOSG - Concepts, Systèmes et Outils pour la Sécurité Globale - (National Research Agency ANR) AT: KIRAS – The Austrian Security Research Programme FI: Technology Programme on Safety and Security DE: Research for Civil Security From ESRIF web-site Security research in the Member States Security research in the Member States selected

From ESRIF web-site What is ESRIF: Purpose and objectives European Security Research & Innovation Forum to develop and promote a European civil Joint Security Research and Innovation Agenda for all European stakeholders (public and private) –Advising European & national civil security research programmes –Taking a mid & long term perspective –Bringing together the demand and supply side of security solutions, and the civil society perspective to aid the structuring process in the security domain on both demand and supply side

From ESRIF web-site ESRIF working groups Security of the citizens, counter terrorism, organised crime Security of critical infra- structures Border security Crisis Manageme nt Foresight and scenarios CBRNE Situation awareness & the role of space Identification of people & assets Working groups along political missions & thematic areas Working groups on special challenges across the political missions Working groups concerning horizontal issues Innovation, industry & technology base, and market issues Governance & coordination Human and societal dynamics of security

Key Components of S & T for Enhanced Societal Security Final ESRIF report presented in Stockholm at the 4th annual European Security Research Conference on September 29-30, 2009 Technologies Enhanced societal security Humans Organizations

Vision for the Future European Security Research Programs and North American Science & Technology programs should underpin a coherent Euro-Atlantic approach to meet antagonistic threats and natural or man- made disasters, reduce transnational vulnerabilities and build trans-boundary capacities to strengthen our shared societal security.

Euro-Atlantic Security Research and Innovation Meeting at a Critical Juncture Welcome to Stockholm, Sweden September – October 2009 Jesper Grönvall Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency/Embassy of Sweden Washington D.C.

Bilateral SE – US Agreement on Cooperation in Science and Technology for Homeland Security Matters signed 13 April, 2007 in Washington D.C.

Why Transatlantic Cooperation? Fundamentally We share core values and strong historical ties across the Atlantic We share many dependencies/vulnerabilities/threats Joint activities Strengthens the transatlantic link, bilaterally and between the EU and North America Increases the understanding of threats and risks Supports structures and processes for support in crises Allows for the sharing of lessons learned after an event Facilitates dialogue on important topics (e.g. balance between security and integrity) Allows for industrial and university based S&T cooperation

Examples of performed activities –Explosives/1st Responder workshop, May, 2007 (SE) –Human Factors workshop, June, 2007 (multilateral, SE) –Chem/Bio workshop August 2007 (multilateral, SE) –Maritime Domain Awareness exercise May 2008 (SE) –Explosives workshop, June 2008 (multilateral, SE) –Chem/Bio lab-tour September 2008 (US) –Critical Infrastructure Protection workshop April 09 (multilateral, SE)

DHS S&T Bilateral Agreements Canada Australia UK Singapore Sweden Israel Mexico France Germany

Science & Technology for Societal Security Co-hosted by Sweden (Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency) and the US (DHS, Science & Technology Directorate) Ambition is to bring together ~700 participants Exhibit with thematic pavilions (Gov agencies, industry, academia) Critical Infrastructure Protection Incident Management/Geospatial information Maritime Situational Awareness & Border Security Disaster Medicine CBE threats 1 – 2 October, Stockholm, Sweden

Purpose & goals Communicate research needs, capability gaps and priorities within the transatlantic societal security research area Create and sustain partnerships among scientists, managers, users Compare/contrast security research profiles (identify gaps, reduce duplication, pool resources) Engage and connect North American Centers of Excellence – EU Networks of Excellence Engage and involve the private sector as providers and users of S & T Initiate policy discussions across the Atlantic on how to secure our societies against a broad spectrum of threats and risks The Swedish EU-Presidency (July 1 to December 31, 2009) will give priority to a strengthened transatlantic partnership in many areas, shared societal security being one of them. 4th annual European Security Research Conference (SRC09) Organized by the EU Commission and Sweden back-to-back with EASC09 at the same venue on September 29 – 30.

Welcome to Stockholm, Sweden, for strategic discussions on enhancing Euro-Atlantic Societal Security Research and Innovation (Visitor guide to Stockholm)