Population Ecology

Population Dynamics ______________________: all the individuals of a species that live together in an area ______________________: the statistical study of populations, make predictions about how a population will change Growth Rate: ________________________________________________ How many individuals are born vs. how many die Birth rate (b) − death rate (d) = ______________________________ Although several species may share a habitat they each have their own niche. A niche is a very narrow range where a species fits within a habitat.

1. Size: ____________________________ Three Key Features of Populations 1. Size: ____________________________ Although several species may share a habitat they each have their own niche. A niche is a very narrow range where a species fits within a habitat.

POST-REPRODUCTIVE REPRODUCTIVE PRE-REPRODUCTIVE

Human Population Growth

2. Density: measurement of population per unit area or unit volume Three Key Features of Populations 2. Density: measurement of population per unit area or unit volume _____________________________________________________ Although several species may share a habitat they each have their own niche. A niche is a very narrow range where a species fits within a habitat.

4 Factors that affect density 1. ______________________- movement of individuals into a population 2. ______________________- movement of individuals out of a population

4 Factors that affect density 3. ____________________________________ Biotic factors in the environment that have an increasing effect as population size increases   Ex. disease competition parasites 4. ____________________________________ Abiotic factors in the environment that affect populations regardless of their density   Ex. temperature storms habitat destruction drought

3. Dispersion:describes their spacing relative to each other Three Key Features of Populations 3. Dispersion:describes their spacing relative to each other _______________ Although several species may share a habitat they each have their own niche. A niche is a very narrow range where a species fits within a habitat.

factors that affect population growth ____________________ any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence of organisms in a specific environment. EX.- Amount of water, Amount of food, Temperature __________________ the maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources, _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________

Carrying Capacity N u m b e r Ok so Time

2 Life History Patterns __________________ short life span small body size _________________ have many young Ex: cockroaches, weeds, bacteria

2 Life History Patterns ________________ long life span __________________ reproduce slowly provides parental care Ex: humans, elephants

__________________________ can be classified into three general types Type I, Type II, and Type III I II III 50 100 1 10 1,000 Percentage of maximum life span Number of survivors (log scale)

Succession- ________________________________________ in which new populations of organisms gradually replace existing ones

Primary succession- New bare rock comes from 2 sources: 1. ___________________________________ 2. ___________________________________

Rock

____________________________ ________________________________________ Ex: lichens are the first to colonize lava rocks

____________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

Secondary succession- sequence of community changes that takes place when _______________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________

Secondary succession- A fire levels portions of a forest A farmer plows his field

Pond Succession