Critical and Creative Thinking Becoming an Active Learner Chapter 4
Carter, Bishop, and Kravits Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Keys to Success in College, Career, and Life All rights reserved. How to Achieve Your Goals, Fourth Edition What is critical thinking? Critical thinking means going beyond the basic recall of information Critical thinking is asking questions Critical thinking is finding that which is important Page 113
Carter, Bishop, and Kravits Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Keys to Success in College, Career, and Life All rights reserved. How to Achieve Your Goals, Fourth Edition
Carter, Bishop, and Kravits Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Keys to Success in College, Career, and Life All rights reserved. How to Achieve Your Goals, Fourth Edition Page 113
Carter, Bishop, and Kravits Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Keys to Success in College, Career, and Life All rights reserved. How to Achieve Your Goals, Fourth Edition How does critical thinking help you solve problems and make decisions? Problem solving – Brainstorming Don’t evaluate or criticize an idea right away Focus on quantity; don’t worry about quality until later Let yourself play Use analogy Don’t fear failure Page 121
Carter, Bishop, and Kravits Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Keys to Success in College, Career, and Life All rights reserved. How to Achieve Your Goals, Fourth Edition How does critical thinking help you solve problems and make decisions? The problem-solving process 1. Identify the problem accurately 2. Analyze the problem 3. Brainstorm possible solutions 4. Explore each solution 5. Choose and implement the solution you decide is best 6. Evaluate the solution that you acted on 7. Refine the solution Page 121
Carter, Bishop, and Kravits Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Keys to Success in College, Career, and Life All rights reserved. How to Achieve Your Goals, Fourth Edition
Carter, Bishop, and Kravits Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Keys to Success in College, Career, and Life All rights reserved. How to Achieve Your Goals, Fourth Edition How does critical thinking help you solve problems and make decisions? Decision making 1. Identify a goal 2. Establish needs 3. Name, investigate, and evaluate available options 4. Decide on a plan and take action 5. Evaluate the result Page 121
Carter, Bishop, and Kravits Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Keys to Success in College, Career, and Life All rights reserved. How to Achieve Your Goals, Fourth Edition How do you reason? Facts and opinions – Characteristics of facts Statements that deal with actual people, places, objects, and events Statements that use concrete words or measurable statistics – Characteristics of opinions Statements that show evaluation Statements that predict future events Statements that use abstract words Statements that use emotional words Statements that use absolutes Page 129
Carter, Bishop, and Kravits Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Keys to Success in College, Career, and Life All rights reserved. How to Achieve Your Goals, Fourth Edition How do you reason? To investigate truth and accuracy, ask: – What facts or examples provide evidence of truth? – Is there another fact that disproves this statement or information, or shows it to be an opinion? – How reliable are the sources of information? – What about this statement is similar to or different from other information I consider to be fact? – Are these truly the causes and effects? Page 129
Carter, Bishop, and Kravits Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Keys to Success in College, Career, and Life All rights reserved. How to Achieve Your Goals, Fourth Edition How can you open your mind to new perspectives? Perspective: The big-picture point of view, incorporating values, interests, and knowledge, that guides your thoughts and actions How to evaluate perspective – Take in new information – Evaluate the perspective – Accept – and perhaps adopt Page 131
Carter, Bishop, and Kravits Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Keys to Success in College, Career, and Life All rights reserved. How to Achieve Your Goals, Fourth Edition How can you open your mind to new perspectives? To identify and evaluate assumptions, ask: – What is the source? – What effects can this have? – When is this valid or invalid? – What harm could result? The value of seeing other perspectives – Improved communication – Mutual respect – Continued learning Page 131
Carter, Bishop, and Kravits Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Keys to Success in College, Career, and Life All rights reserved. How to Achieve Your Goals, Fourth Edition Why plan strategically? Strategy and critical thinking – Establish a goal – Brainstorm possible plans – Anticipate as many possible effects of each plan as possible – Put your plan into action – Evaluate continually Benefits of strategic planning – Keeping up with technology – Successful goal setting – School and work success Page 135
Carter, Bishop, and Kravits Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Keys to Success in College, Career, and Life All rights reserved. How to Achieve Your Goals, Fourth Edition
Carter, Bishop, and Kravits Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Keys to Success in College, Career, and Life All rights reserved. How to Achieve Your Goals, Fourth Edition Carter, Bishop, and Kravits Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc. Keys to Success in College, Career, and Life All rights reserved. How to Achieve Your Goals, Fourth Edition Presentation by Wing Lee and Benjamin Li