International Center for Leadership in Education Dr. Willard R. Daggett El Paso Independent School District July 14, 2009

International Center Finding Nations top performing Nations most rapidly improving

Application Model 1. Knowledge in one discipline 2. Application within discipline 3. Application across disciplines 4. Application to real-world predictable situations 5. Application to real-world unpredictable situations

Rigor/Relevance For All Students

1.Awareness 2.Comprehension 3.Application 4.Analysis 5.Synthesis 6.Evaluation Knowledge Taxonomy Knowledge Taxonomy

Application Model 1. Knowledge in one discipline 2. Application within discipline 3. Application across disciplines 4. Application to real-world predictable situations 5. Application to real-world unpredictable situations

Levels CDCDABABCDCDABAB Blooms Application

A B D C Rigor/Relevance Framework Express probabilities as fractions, percents, or decimals. Classify triangles according to angle size and/or length of sides. Calculate volume of simple three- dimensional shapes. Given the coordinates of a quadrilateral, plot the quadrilateral on a grid. Analyze the graphs of the perimeters and areas of squares having different-length sides. Determine the largest rectangular area for a fixed perimeter. Identify coordinates for ordered pairs that satisfy an algebraic relation or function. Determine and justify the similarity or congruence for two geometric shapes. Obtain historical data about local weather to predict the chance of snow, rain, or sun during year. Test consumer products and illustrate the data graphically. Plan a large school event and calculate resources (food, decorations, etc.) you need to organize and hold this event. Make a scale drawing of the classroom on grid paper, each group using a different scale. Calculate percentages of advertising in a newspaper. Tour the school building and identify examples of parallel and perpendicular lines, planes, and angles. Determine the median and mode of real data displayed in a histogram Organize and display collected data, using appropriate tables, charts, or graphs.

A B D C Rigor/Relevance Framework Analyze the graphs of the perimeters and areas of squares having different-length sides. Determine the largest rectangular area for a fixed perimeter. Identify coordinates for ordered pairs that satisfy an algebraic relation or function. Determine and justify the similarity or congruence for two geometric shapes. Obtain historical data about local weather to predict the chance of snow, rain, or sun during year. Test consumer products and illustrate the data graphically. Plan a large school event and calculate resources (food, decorations, etc.) you need to organize and hold this event. Make a scale drawing of the classroom on grid paper, each group using a different scale. Calculate percentages of advertising in a newspaper. Tour the school building and identify examples of parallel and perpendicular lines, planes, and angles. Determine the median and mode of real data displayed in a histogram Organize and display collected data, using appropriate tables, charts, or graphs. Express probabilities as fractions, percents, or decimals. Classify triangles according to angle size and/or length of sides. Calculate volume of simple three- dimensional shapes. Given the coordinates of a quadrilateral, plot the quadrilateral on a grid.

A B D C Rigor/Relevance Framework Express probabilities as fractions, percents, or decimals. Classify triangles according to angle size and/or length of sides. Calculate volume of simple three- dimensional shapes. Given the coordinates of a quadrilateral, plot the quadrilateral on a grid. Analyze the graphs of the perimeters and areas of squares having different-length sides. Determine the largest rectangular area for a fixed perimeter. Identify coordinates for ordered pairs that satisfy an algebraic relation or function. Determine and justify the similarity or congruence for two geometric shapes. Obtain historical data about local weather to predict the chance of snow, rain, or sun during year. Test consumer products and illustrate the data graphically. Plan a large school event and calculate resources (food, decorations, etc.) you need to organize and hold this event. Make a scale drawing of the classroom on grid paper, each group using a different scale. Calculate percentages of advertising in a newspaper. Tour the school building and identify examples of parallel and perpendicular lines, planes, and angles. Determine the median and mode of real data displayed in a histogram. Organize and display collected data, using appropriate tables, charts, or graphs.

Levels CDCDABABCDCDABAB Blooms Application

A B D C Calculate with numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions. Understand two-dimensional motion and trajectories by separating the motion of an object into x and y components.

A B D C Calculate with numbers, including decimals, ratios, percents, and fractions. Understand two-dimensional motion and trajectories by separating the motion of an object into x and y components.

A B D C Know the characteristics and phenomena of sound waves and light waves. Understand the effect of sounds, words, and imagery on a listening audience.

Components of School Excellence

1. Create a Culture to Support RR & R For ALL Students

The Financial Challenges 1.Global competition 2. Technology

Wal Mart Source: The Post-American World Largest Corporation 8 times Size of Microsoft 2 % of GDP 1.4 Million Employees More Employees than: GM, Ford, G.E. and IBM Combined

China today exports in a single day more than exported in all of Source: The Rise of India and China...

Savings Rate 1. India -- 25% 2. Japan -- 28% 3. Korea -- 30% 4. China -- 50% 5. United States -- (-4%)

U.S. – 2 nd Half of 20 th Century Only Superpower Highest per Capita Income 1 st in Economic Growth 5% of Population > 24% of Consumption Source: National Academy of Science

Elementary Schools 6 Years Integrated Science Biology / ChemistryGrade 7 Biology / PhysicsGrade 8 Physics / ChemistryGrade 9 Integrated ScienceGrades Source: Ed Week 6/6/07 Chinese Science

Global Competition Outsourcing enable U.S. companies to: –Gain hiring flexibility –Cut hiring cost (40%) –Cut overhead –Increasingly more skilled workforce

International Competition Large Market Resources Well Educated Low Labor Cost

Global Society Who will stay and who will leave

Consequences Job creation has slowedJob creation has slowed GDP growth slowedGDP growth slowed Per capita income slowedPer capita income slowed Trade deficit is increasingTrade deficit is increasing Multinational Corp leave countryMultinational Corp leave country

The Financial Challenges 1.Global competition 2. Technology

Emerging Technologies 1. Smaller

Hierarchy of Length Scales

Nanotubes 1 nanometer (nm) diameter of nanotube

Penny 190,000,000 nm

Snowflake 3,000,000 nm

Human Red Blood Cell 6,000 nm

Visible Light Wavelength 300 – 800 nm

Virus 100 nm

SPOT Integrated ProjectionIntegrated Projection Projection KeyboardProjection Keyboard

Projection Keyboard

Projection Keyboard and Projector

Emerging Technologies 1. Smaller 2. Faster

Emerging Technologies 1. Smaller 2. Faster 3. Stronger

Emerging Technologies 1. Smaller 2. Faster 3. Stronger 4. Mobile

Teens Use of Cell Phones in Class June 18, 2009 Source: USAToday/Common Sense Media Store information to look at during test – 26% Texts friends answers – 25% Search Webs for answers – 20% Take photo of test to send friends – 17%

Future Technologies Cloud Computing Nanotechnology Genomics Green Related

The Challenges We are preparing students for a world fundamentally different than the world schools were designed to prepare students for AND A world we were not prepared for

HOW WELL ARE OUR STUDENTS PREPARED?

MUSEUMS

The Good News A growing number of successful schools, teachers and students are experiencing success rates most did not think could be obtained

Components of School Excellence

1. Create a Culture to Support RR & R For ALL Students

Components of School Excellence 1. Create a Culture to Support RR & R For ALL Students 2. Build and Use Data to Guide Whole-School / District Reform

Criteria Foundation Learning (Achievement in the core subjects of English language arts, math and science and others identified by the school)

Criteria Foundation Learning (Achievement in the core subjects of English language arts, math and science and others identified by the school) Stretch Learning (Demonstration of rigorous and relevant learning beyond the minimum requirements)

Criteria Foundation Learning (Achievement in the core subjects of English language arts, math and science and others identified by the school) Stretch Learning (Demonstration of rigorous and relevant learning beyond the minimum requirements) Student Engagement (The extent to which students are motivated and committed to learning; have a sense of belonging and accomplishment; and have relationships with adults, peers, and parents that support learning)

Survey Tools for Rigor, Relevance and Relationships We Learn Student Survey We Teach Instructional Staff Survey We Lead Whole Staff Survey

Teacher vs. Student Comparison T – Students can apply what I am teaching to their everyday lives. 92% S – I can apply what I learn to my everyday life. 58%

Teacher vs. Student Comparison T – Students in my classroom engage in hands-on activities. 88% S – We do lots of hands-on activities in my classes. 45%

Teacher vs. Student Comparison T – I encourage students to explore career pathways. 80% S – My teachers encourage me to explore different careers. 49%

Teacher vs. Student Comparison T – I make learning exciting for my students.84% S – My teachers make learning exciting.40%

Teacher vs. Student Comparison T – I encourage students to use multiple resources when solving problems. 93% S – My teachers encourage me to use many resources to solve problems. 65%

Teacher vs. Student Comparison T – I am aware of my students interests outside of school. 87% S – My teachers know my interests outside of school. 30%

Teacher vs. Student Comparison T – I recognize students when they demonstrate positive behavior in school. 95% S – Good citizenship is rewarded in this school. 40%

Teacher vs. Student Comparison T – I know my students academic interests and goals. 84% S – My teachers know my academic interests and goals. 35%

Teacher vs. Student Comparison T – I know what my students are passionate about. 78% S – My teachers know what I love to do outside of school. 28%

Levels CDCDABABCDCDABAB Blooms Application

Criteria Foundation Learning (Achievement in the core subjects of English language arts, math and science and others identified by the school) Stretch Learning (Demonstration of rigorous and relevant learning beyond the minimum requirements) Student Engagement (The extent to which students are motivated and committed to learning; have a sense of belonging and accomplishment; and have relationships with adults, peers, and parents that support learning) Personal Skill Development (Measures of personal, social, service, and leadership skills and demonstrations of positive behaviors and attitudes)

Guiding Principles Responsibility Responsibility Contemplation Contemplation Initiative Initiative Perseverance Perseverance Optimism Optimism Courage Courage Respect Respect Compassion Compassion Adaptability Adaptability Honesty Honesty Trustworthiness Trustworthiness Loyalty Loyalty

Criteria Foundation Learning (Achievement in the core subjects of English language arts, math and science and others identified by the school) Stretch Learning (Demonstration of rigorous and relevant learning beyond the minimum requirements) Student Engagement (The extent to which students are motivated and committed to learning; have a sense of belonging and accomplishment; and have relationships with adults, peers, and parents that support learning) Personal Skill Development (Measures of personal, social, service, and leadership skills and demonstrations of positive behaviors and attitudes)

Components of School Excellence 1. Create a Culture to Support RR & R For ALL Students 2. Build and Use Data to Guide Whole-School / District Reform 3. Create and Support Leadership Teams

K-12 Fall Symposium October 23-25, 2009 San Diego reFOCUSrePOSITIONreINVENTwww.LeaderEd.com

Leadership Academy January 29-31, 2010 New Orleans

Components of School Excellence 1. Create a Culture to Support RR & R For ALL Students 2. Build and Use Data to Guide Whole-School / District Reform 3. Create and Support Leadership Teams 4. Define Student Learning Expectations

TAKS English LA Student Expectations Tested

GradeSubjectTXNC 3 ELA 7438 Math ELA 6240 Math 4327

GradeTXNCCACOFLMAMIMN English Language Arts Comparison

GradeTXNCCACOFLMAMIMN English Language Arts Comparison

GradeTXNCCACOFLMAMIMN English Language Arts Comparison

GradeTXNCCACOFLMAMIMN English Language Arts Comparison

GradeTXNCCACOFLMAMIMN English Language Arts Comparison

GradeTXNCCACOFLMAMIMN English Language Arts Comparison

GradeTXNCCACOFLMAMIMN NA English Language Arts Comparison

GradeTXNCCACOFLMAMIMN NA NA English Language Arts Comparison

GradeTXNCCACOFLMAMIMN NA NA English Language Arts Comparison

Proficiency Grade 4 Reading Proficiency Grade 4 Reading Proficient Required NAEP Score Georgia 87 % North Carolina 82 % Texas 81 % Florida 71 % Massachusetts 48 % California 48 % South Carolina 35 %

Proficiency Grade 4 Reading Proficient Required NAEP Score Georgia 87 %175 North Carolina 82 %183 Texas 81 %190 Florida 71 %202 Massachusetts 48 %234 California 48 %210 South Carolina 35 %228

Proficiency Grade 8 Reading Proficient Required NAEP Score North Carolina 88 % Texas 83 % Georgia 83 % Florida 44 % California 39 % South Carolina 30 %

Proficiency Grade 8 Reading Proficiency Grade 8 Reading Proficient Required NAEP Score North Carolina 88 %217 Texas 83 %225 Georgia 83 %224 Florida 44 %265 California 39 %262 South Carolina 30 %276

Proficiency Grade 4 Mathematics Proficient Required NAEP Score North Carolina 91 % Texas 82 % Georgia 75 % Ohio 65 % Florida 63 % California 51 % South Carolina 39 % Massachusetts 39 %

Proficiency Grade 4 Mathematics Proficient Required NAEP Score North Carolina 91 %203 Texas 82 %219 Georgia 75 %215 Ohio 65 %233 Florida 63 %230 California 51 %231 South Carolina 39 %246 Massachusetts 39 %255

Proficiency Grade 8 Mathematics Proficient Required NAEP Score North Carolina 84 % Iowa 76 % Georgia 69 % Michigan 61 % Florida 58 % Massachusetts 42 % South Carolina 24 %

Proficiency Grade 8 Mathematics Proficiency Grade 8 Mathematics Proficient Required NAEP Score North Carolina 84 %247 Iowa 76 %262 Georgia 69 %255 Michigan 61 %269 Florida 58 %269 Massachusetts 42 %301 South Carolina 24 %305

Proficiency Levels

Lexile Framework ® for Reading Study Summary of Text Lexile Measures Text Lexile Measure (L) High School Literature College Literature High School Textbooks College Textbooks Military Personal Use Entry-Level Occupations SAT 1, ACT, AP* * Source of National Test Data: MetaMetrics Interquartile Ranges Shown (25% - 75%)

Texas Lexile Study Summary of Text Lexile Measures Text Lexile Measure (L) High School Literature High School Textbooks College Literature Comm. College Textbooks Military Adult Role/ Personal Use Entry- Level Occupations SAT 1, ACT, AP* * Source of National Test Data: MetaMetrics Interquartile Ranges Shown (25% - 75%) Comm./Tech College Textbooks 4-Year. College Textbooks

Texas Lexile Study Summary of Text Lexile Measures Text Lexile Measure (L) High School Literature High School Textbooks College Literature Comm. College Textbooks Military Adult Role/ Personal Use Entry- Level Occupations SAT 1, ACT, AP* * Source of National Test Data: MetaMetrics Interquartile Ranges Shown (25% - 75%) Comm./Tech College Textbooks 4-Year. College Textbooks

Texas Lexile Study Summary of Text Lexile Measures Text Lexile Measure (L) High School Literature High School Textbooks College Literature Comm. College Textbooks Military Adult Role/ Personal Use Entry- Level Occupations SAT 1, ACT, AP* * Source of National Test Data: MetaMetrics Interquartile Ranges Shown (25% - 75%) Comm./Tech College Textbooks 4-Year. College Textbooks

Texas Lexile Study Summary of Text Lexile Measures Text Lexile Measure (L) High School Literature High School Textbooks College Literature Comm. College Textbooks Military Adult Role/ Personal Use Entry- Level Occupations SAT 1, ACT, AP* * Source of National Test Data: MetaMetrics Interquartile Ranges Shown (25% - 75%) Comm./Tech College Textbooks 4-Year. College Textbooks

Texas Lexile Study Summary of Text Lexile Measures Text Lexile Measure (L) High School Literature High School Textbooks College Literature Comm. College Textbooks Military Adult Role/ Personal Use Entry- Level Occupations SAT 1, ACT, AP* * Source of National Test Data: MetaMetrics Interquartile Ranges Shown (25% - 75%) Comm./Tech College Textbooks 4-Year. College Textbooks

Texas Lexile Study Summary of Text Lexile Measures Text Lexile Measure (L) High School Literature High School Textbooks College Literature Comm. College Textbooks Military Adult Role/ Personal Use Entry- Level Occupations SAT 1, ACT, AP* * Source of National Test Data: MetaMetrics Interquartile Ranges Shown (25% - 75%) Comm./Tech College Textbooks 4-Year. College Textbooks

Texas Lexile Study Summary of Text Lexile Measures Text Lexile Measure (L) High School Literature High School Textbooks College Literature Comm. College Textbooks Military Adult Role/ Personal Use Entry- Level Occupations SAT 1, ACT, AP* * Source of National Test Data: MetaMetrics Interquartile Ranges Shown (25% - 75%) Comm./Tech College Textbooks 4-Year. College Textbooks

Texas Lexile Study Summary of Text Lexile Measures Text Lexile Measure (L) High School Literature High School Textbooks College Literature Comm. College Textbooks Military Adult Role/ Personal Use Entry- Level Occupations SAT 1, ACT, AP* * Source of National Test Data: MetaMetrics Interquartile Ranges Shown (25% - 75%) Comm./Tech College Textbooks 4-Year. College Textbooks

Texas Lexile Study Summary of Text Lexile Measures Text Lexile Measure (L) High School Literature High School Textbooks College Literature Comm. College Textbooks Military Adult Role/ Personal Use Entry- Level Occupations SAT 1, ACT, AP* * Source of National Test Data: MetaMetrics Interquartile Ranges Shown (25% - 75%) Comm./Tech College Textbooks 4-Year. College Textbooks

Texas Lexile Study Summary of Text Lexile Measures Text Lexile Measure (L) High School Literature High School Textbooks College Literature Comm. College Textbooks Military Adult Role/ Personal Use Entry- Level Occupations SAT 1, ACT, AP* * Source of National Test Data: MetaMetrics Interquartile Ranges Shown (25% - 75%) Comm./Tech College Textbooks 4-Year. College Textbooks

16 Career Clusters Department of Education

Texas Lexile Study Blue Collar and White Collar Entry-Level Jobs Q1 Blue 1078 White 1050

Texas Lexile Study Blue Collar and White Collar Entry-Level Jobs Q1Median Blue White

Texas Lexile Study Blue Collar and White Collar Entry-Level Jobs Q1MedianQ3 Blue White

16 Career Clusters Department of Education

Reading Requirements Findings Entry-level Entry-level Highest in 6/16 Highest in 6/16 Second Highest in 7/16 Second Highest in 7/16 Consistent Across Country Consistent Across Country

Human Services

Construction

Manufacturing

High School READ 180 TAKS Passing Rates and

Middle School READ 180 TAKS Passing Rates and

Eight Implementation Steps to Excellence 5. Concentrate on Effective Instructional Practices

Levels CDCDABABCDCDABAB Blooms Application

Levels CDCDABABCDCDABAB Blooms Application

Gold Seal Lessons

Texas Career and Technical Education Texas English Language Arts Strands/Learning Standards English I NESS Rank TA K S Agriculture, Food & Natural Resources Architecture & Construction Arts, A/V Technology & Communications Food Products &Processing Systems Agribusiness Systems Power, Structural &Technical Systems EnvironmentalService Systems Plant Systems Natural ResourceSystems Animal Systems Design/Pre-Construction Construction Maintenance/Operations Performing Arts Visual Arts Printing Technology Journalism &Broadcasting A/V Technology& Film Telecommunications Reading (1) Reading/Vocabulary Development. Students understand new vocabulary and use it when reading and writing. Students are expected to: (A) determine the meaning of grade-level technical academic English words in multiple content areas (e.g., science, mathematics, social studies, the arts) derived from Latin, Greek, or other linguistic roots and affixes; E5H (B) analyze textual context (within a sentence and in larger sections of text) to distinguish between the denotative and connotative meanings of words; E5H (C) produce analogies that describe a function of an object or its description; E5H (D) describe the origins and meanings of foreign words or phrases used frequently in written English (e.g., caveat emptor, carte blanche, tete a tete, pas de deux, bon appetit, quid pro quo); and E5H

Texas Arts Education Texas Mathematics Essential Knowledge and Skills/ Student Expectations 7 th Grade TAKS Visual ArtsDanceMusicTheatre (A) represent multiplication and division situations involving fractions and decimals with concrete models, pictures, words, and numbers; HHHHH (B) use addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division to solve problems involving fractions and decimals; HHHHH (D) use division to find unit rates and ratios in proportional relationships such as speed, density, price, recipes, and student-teacher ratio; HMMMM (B) use properties to classify shapes including triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, and circles; LHMLH (B) use a problem-solving model that incorporates understanding the problem, making a plan, carrying out the plan, and evaluating the solution for reasonableness; HHHHH

Not on the Test

Eight Implementation Steps to Excellence 6. Address Organizational Structures 5. Concentrate on Effective Instructional Practices

Eight Implementation Steps to Excellence 6. Address Organizational Structures 7. Monitor Student Progress 5. Concentrate on Effective Instructional Practices

Lexile Framework ® for Reading Study Summary of Text Lexile Measures Text Lexile Measure (L) High School Literature College Literature High School Textbooks College Textbooks Military Personal Use Entry-Level Occupations SAT 1, ACT, AP* * Source of National Test Data: MetaMetrics Interquartile Ranges Shown (25% - 75%)

Lexile Framework ® - Student Profile Matt - Age 15, Grade 10, Lexile 1090, GPA Text Lexile Measure (L) Matt * Source of National Test Data: MetaMetrics 910

Lexile Framework ® - Student Profile Text Lexile Measure (L) High School Literature College Literature High School Textbooks College Textbooks Military Personal Use Entry-Level Occupations SAT 1, ACT, AP* * Source of National Test Data: MetaMetrics Matt High School Literature College Literature High School Textbooks College Textbooks Military Personal Use Entry-Level Occupations SAT 1, ACT, AP* 1 st Quarter 2 nd Quarter 3 rd Quarter 4 th Quarter

Eight Implementation Steps to Excellence 6. Address Organizational Structures 7. Monitor Student Progress 5. Concentrate on Effective Instructional Practices 8. Review and Refine Process

K-12 Fall Symposium October 23-25, 2009 San Diego reFOCUSrePOSITIONreINVENTwww.LeaderEd.com

Leadership Academy January 29-31, 2010 New Orleans

Example Class Size –25 to 24 –4 % increase –Payroll Equals 80 % –Total Cost = 3.2 % of Budget Professional Development

Efficient and Effective Framework High Cost Low Cost High Student Performance Low Student Performance CDCDABABCDCDABAB EfEffecfecttivenessivenessEfEffecfecttivenessivenesst

Example Class Size –25 to 24 –4 % increase –Payroll Equals 80 % –Total Cost = 3.2 % of Budget Professional Development

TAKS English LA Student Expectations Tested

Levels CDCDABABCDCDABAB Blooms Application

Gold Seal Lessons

Efficient and Effective Framework High Cost Low Cost High Student Performance Low Student Performance Focused Professional Development Reduce Class Size

Empower Staff

A Defined and Inflexible System Bells Calendar Contracts Tests Rules and Regulations

Empower Staff 1. Team of teachers

Empower Staff 1. Team of teachers 2.Given group of students

Empower Staff 1. Team of teachers 2.Given group of students 3.Agree to their present performance

Empower Staff 1. Team of teachers 2.Given group of students 3.Agree to their present performance 4. Give total budget (fixed and variable)

Empower Staff 1. Team of teachers 2.Given group of students 3.Agree to their present performance 4. Give total budget (fixed and variable) 5. Give % of savings if student performance improves

Successful Examples Teachers in teams with a group of students They get 50% of reduced cost if students maintain student performance. If they dramatically improve student performance they get 80% of reduced cost

Efficient and Effective Framework High Cost Low Cost High Student Performance Low Student Performance Teacher-Designed Program X X Existing Program

Examples 1. Department Chairs

Efficient and Effective Framework High Cost Low Cost High Student Performance Low Student Performance Interdisciplinary Chairs

Examples 1. Department Chairs 2.Looping

Efficient and Effective Framework High Cost Low Cost High Student Performance Low Student Performance Looping

Examples 1. Department Chairs 2.Looping 3.Electives to 9 th Grade

Efficient and Effective Framework High Cost Low Cost High Student Performance Low Student Performance Electives to 9 th Grade

Efficient and Effective Framework High Cost Low Cost High Student Performance Low Student Performance SPNetwork

Technology

Efficient and Effective Framework High Cost Low Cost High Student Performance Low Student Performance READ 180

High School READ 180 TAKS Passing Rates and

Middle School READ 180 TAKS Passing Rates and

Efficient and Effective Framework High Cost Low Cost High Student Performance Low Student Performance I CAN Learn

Efficient and Effective Framework High Cost Low Cost High Student Performance Low Student Performance On-line Instruction

The Good News A growing number of successful schools, teachers and students are experiencing success rates most did not think could be obtained

Brockton High School Brockton High School White27.5 % Black52.2 % Hispanic9.7 % Asian2.2 % Other8.4 % Free/Reduced Lunch 65.5 % Racial / Ethical Composition

Brockton High School Brockton High School 10 th Grade Black Students 94 % of all State White Students 10 th Grade Hispanic Students 94 % of all State White Students

DELAY is DENIAL

1587 Route 146 Rexford, NY Phone (518) Fax (518) International Center for Leadership in Education, Inc.