Voltage, Current, Resistance, Ohm’s Law 10.9, 10.10 Ohm’s Law questions handout

Electric Current (10.9) Shocks from electric circuits are very serious in comparison to shocks from static electricity. Every year people are injured and sometimes die from electrocution. Surprisingly small amounts of electric current are lethal.

Remember, electric current is a measure of the rate at which electric charges move past a given point in a circuit. Unit for current is Ampere (A). Symbol in the Ohm’s Law formula for current is (I).

Ventricular Fibrillation (Fatal) 0.2A Electric Current Human Reaction 0.001A Perception Level 0.002A Muscles Tingle 0.005A Max. SAFE Current 0.016A Muscles Contract 0.050A Ventricular Fibrillation (Fatal) 0.2A Heart/Breathing Stop (severe burns) 0.833A Could suffocate 50 Adults

Read p 314-315, Copy Fig 1. p 314 How much current do you think someone experiences when they are electrocuted (death by the electric chair)? Why is it dangerous to try to help someone who is experiencing an electric shock? Explain what you should do if you wish to help that person?

ELECTRIC POTENTIAL: VOLTAGE (V) A volt is a measure of electrical pressure and is named after the Italian scientists Alessandro Volta. The energy each electron has is called the electric potential. Electric potential is commonly referred to as voltage. A Voltmeter is used to measure voltage. The symbol for this unit is V.

CURRENT (I) Electric current is the quantity of electricity going by a point in a circuit. Current (I) is measured with an ammeter. The unit used to measure electric current is the ampere, which is named after the French physicist A.M Ampere.

RESISTANCE (R) The molecules of all types of conductors impede, or resist, the flow of electrons to some extent. This ability to impede the flow of electrons in conductors is called electrical resistance (R).

RESISTANCE (2) The resistance to the passage of electric current is measured with the ohmmeter. The unit is the ohm, named after the German scientist George Ohm. INSULATORS oppose the flow of electric current and have a high resistance. CONDUCTORS have a low resistance.

Factors that affect the resistance of wires: The thickness of wires The length of wire The material of wire The temperature of the wire

OHM’S LAW George Ohm figured out a basic law for electricity V= Volts (electrical potential) I= Amperes (current) R= Ohms (resistance) V = I x R I = V / R R = V / I

OHM’S LAW (2) Current is directly proportional to voltage, therefore, increasing (↑) the voltage increases (↑) the current. The current is inversely proportional to resistance; therefore, as resistance increases (↑), current decreases (↓).

Questions 1. What is the formula for Ohm’s Law? V = I x R 2. If a water heater has a voltage drop of 240V and a resistance of 12.8Ω, what is the current? I = V / R I = 240V / 12.8Ω I = 18.75A The water heater has a current of 18.75 amps.

2. If a coffee grinder has a current of 1 2. If a coffee grinder has a current of 1.20A and resistance is 100Ω, what is the voltage? 3. If a food dehydrator has a voltage of 320V and has a current of 18.5A, what is the resistance? 4. If the current of a walkman is 4.7 A and the resistance of 26Ω, what is the voltage?