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 Light and heat cause the organisms to move out of the muslin bag and into the bottom of the funnel where they are collected for examination under a microscope and identification. 3 Used to extract nematodes from a soil sample

 Used to extract animals from soil by heating the soil on one side  The animals are driven out of the soil by heat from a lamp and fall through a wire gauze 4

 a plant grab. It consists of a sturdy pole with barbs at one end  When the grab is plunged into aquatic vegetation the plants become entangled in the barbs and can be pulled onto dry land. 5

 Used for catching flying insects.  The net part should be sufficiently long so that the mouth frame seals off the end of the net which contains the catch when the net is laid flat. 6

 Used to collect small fish from pools and streams 7

 Used to collect microscopic plants and animals from pools and streams 8

 Used to collect insects from tall grass 9

 Used for picking up very small animals.  Suck through mouthpiece (end of which is covered with muslin) and the animal is taken into jar through the hose 10

 Organisms that live in leaf litter can be extracted by using a sieve with a mesh size of about 5 mm.  Use the sieve over a beating tray or a large sheet of paper. 11

 A piece of wood or stone which is left on the ground.  After a suitable interval, animals such as slugs, woodlice, centipedes and millipedes will be found underneath. 12

 Used to collect small mammals  e.g. mice, voles, etc. 13

 Jam jar buried in ground and covered with raised flat stone.  Used to collect ground surface animals insects, nocturnal and diurnal  e.g. spiders, centipedes, woodlice, beetles, etc wtest/collect/HTML/d18.html

 This is a white tray, cotton sheet or large sheet of white paper.  It is placed under a bush or tree branch.  The tree branch is shaken suddenly and vigorously.  Insects and other invertebrates fall onto the tray. 15

 This is used in freshwater.  It consists of a shallow wooden frame which has a metal gauze or perforated zinc sheet bottom.  The tray is placed on the bottom of a pond or stream and is covered with gravel or mud and is left in place for a month or more.  It is then carefully removed and examined and the organisms which have settled on it are recorded. 16

 An electronic device often with a digital display  Used for accurate measurement of different environmental abiotic factors e.g. temperature, pH, light intensity, etc. 17

 Used to measure the light intensity 18

 A frame that forms a known area usually 0.5m X 0.5m = 0.25m 2  Usually square shaped  Can be used to measure: Frequency and % Cover 19

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