Industrial Revolution Source for Raw Materials Markets for Finished Goods European Nationalism Missionary Activity Military & Naval Bases European Motives For Colonization Places to Dump Unwanted/ Excess Popul. Soc. & Eco. Opportunities Humanitarian Reasons European Racism “White Man’s Burden” Social Darwinism

Africa 1890

Africa in 1914

The Struggle for South Africa

Dutch Landing in 1652 Dutch=people from Netherlands in Europe Set up a trade station: -Mild weather (like in Europe) -Good for refueling/trade -Brought slaves

Groups in South Africa Afrikaners- descendants of Europeans (Dutch, French & Germans) (1700s) Boers – Afrikaner frontier farmers (1700s) Native Africans – tribes! British (early 1800s)

Boers Clash With the Xhosa Tribes Boer Farmer

Diamond Mines Raw Diamonds Lured the British – so did gold

Shaka Zulu (1785 – 1828) British defeat Zulu once and for all in 1902

Boer-British Tensions Increase  1877 – Britain annexed the Transvaal (Boer area).  1883 – Boers fought British in the Transvaal and regained its independence..  1880s – Gold discovered in the Transvaal

The Boer War: The Boers The British Dutch farmers lose to Brits; Brits gain power over region at turn of century (this will lead to Apartheid) No real farm land, need to settle for land (found while exploring)

Cecil Rhodes ( ) “The Colossus of Rhodes”