HUMAN DISEASE dhealth/s/diseases_and_conditions/a /

MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY Seeks to – Understand human health and disease – Use biotechnologies to prevent, diagnose, treat/cure disease and its recurrence

HUMAN DISEASE Acute – Structural such as gallstones – Infectious such as pneumonia Chronic – stable (stays the same) – Progressive, gets worse and sometimes negatively affects other areas of the body – Some do both in different people

HUMAN DISEASE Genetic – Downs syndrome Behavioral – smoking causes lung cancer

HUMAN DISEASE: Classified by impacted organ, tissue or cellular system Cardiovascular Pulmonary Renal Gastrointestinal Liver and biliary system Hematologic Metabolic Endocrine

HUMAN DISEASE: Classified by impacted organ, tissue or cellular system Womens and Mens health oncologic Bone and bone mineral metabolism Musculoskeletal and connective tissue Neurologic Infectious Aging Substance abuse

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CASE STUDY HEPATITIS C VIRUS Infection of the liver leading to inflammation Some(15%) people recover from infection; most become chronic carriers Most infections are asymptomatic for about 20 years Complicated disease process that progresses but not in all patients Immune response and genome (HLA) impact outcome Liver cancer Liver failure NORMALFIBROTICCIRRHOTIC

CASE STUDY – DOWN SYNDROME Genetic defect – 3 copies of chromosome 21 occurs early in embryo development; = error in cell division Identified prenatally Causes problems with the way the body and brain develop Most common chromosomal defect

CASE STUDY – DOWN SYNDROME Mild to severe in terms of physical appearance as well as mental and social development low muscle tone, small stature, an upward slant to the eyes, and a single deep crease across the center of the palm

CASE STUDY - BEHAVIORAL Lung cancer because of smoking Liver disease because of alcohol abuse

CASE STUDY – MYASTHENIA GRAVIS Acquired autoimmune disorder that lessens transmission across neuromuscular junctions weakening muscle responses – Autoantibodies to acetylcholine receptor (AChR )block binding of Ach Weakens voluntary skeletal or ocular muscles Loss of facial expression, muscle fatigue, droopy eyelids Female to male ration = 6:4