Four Wave Mixing (FWM) Spring 2004 EE290F Xiaoxue Zhao.

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Presentation transcript:

Four Wave Mixing (FWM) Spring 2004 EE290F Xiaoxue Zhao

Contents Origin of FWM Effect on WDM systems Solutions  Polarization Allocation  Unequal Channel Spacing  Dispersion Management

Origin of FWM [1] Third order nonlinearity Energy Conservation Momentum Conservation—phase matching

Origin of FWM—Phase Matching [2]

Effects on WDM Systems [2] Channel spacing and fiber dispersion are small enough

Effects on WDM Systems [3] Nonlinear Crosstalk equally spacing, product terms fall at channel frequency Coherent interference

Effects on WDM Systems [4] Bit pattern Power Depletion

Effects on WDM Systems—Solutions Polarization Allocation Unequal spacing Dispersion management

Polarization Allocation [5]

Add polarization filter at the receiver end

Unequal Channel Spacing [6]

Dispersion-Management [4] No dispersion-zero point Total accumulated dispersion near zero

Dispersion Management [7] Dispersion map for dispersion- compensating fiber (DCF) Small core area

New Type of Fibers Large effective area fiber Nonzero dispersion shifted fiber (NZ-DSF) large-effective-area fiber (red) suppressed four-wave mixing crosstalk to dB, compared to dB for NZ-DSF fiber (blue).

References  [1] G.Agrawal “Nonlinear Fiber Optics”, 3rd edition  [2] G Agrawal “Fiber-Optics Communication Systems” 3rd edition  [3] Nori Sibata, Ralf Braun and Robert Waarts, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE23, 1205, 1987  [4] Ivan Kaminow and Thomas Koch, OFT IIIA  [5] C. Mahon, L. Olofsson, E. Bodtker, G. Jacobsen, IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett. 8,575, 1996  [6] F. Forghieri, R. Tkach, A. Chroplyvy, J. Lightwave Tech, 13,  [7] R. Tkach, R. Derosier and et. al, IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett. 7, 1369, 1995