Anatomy and Physiology for Emergency Care Chapter Twelve Blood

Objectives Describe the important components and major functions of blood Discuss the composition and functions of plasma Describe the origin and production of the formed elements in blood Discuss the characteristics and functions of red blood cells

Objectives Explain the factors that determine a person’s blood type and why blood types are important Categorize the various white blood cells on the basis of their structures and functions Describe the mechanisms that reduce blood loss after an injury

The Functions of Blood Transportation of dissolved gasses, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic waste The regulation of pH and electrolyte composition of interstitial fluids throughout the body The restriction of fluid losses through damaged vessels or at other injury sites Defense against toxins and pathogens The stabilization of body temperature

The Composition of Blood Blood Collection Analysis

Plasma Differences between Plasma and Interstitial Fluid Plasma Proteins

Formed Elements Production of Formed Elements

Sickling of Red Blood Cells

Formed Elements Red Blood Cells Structure of RBC’s Hemoglobin Structure and Function RBC Life Span and Circulation Hemoglobin Conservation and Recycling Red Blood Cell Formation Stages of RBC Maturation The Regulation of Erythropoiesis

Formed Elements Red Blood Cells Blood Types Antibodies and Cross-Reactions

Formed Elements White Blood Cells WBC Circulation and Movement General Functions Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Monocytes Lymphocytes T cells B cells Natural killer (NK) Differential count and Changes in WBC Profiles White Blood Cell Formation

White Blood Cells

Origins and Differentiation of Blood Cells

Formed Elements Platelets

Hemostasis The Clotting Phase Extrinsic, Intrinsic, and Common Pathways

Hemostasis Clot Retraction and Removal

Summary

Emergency Care Applications Chapter 12

Blood Banking and Transfusion Red Blood Cells Plasma Platelets White Blood Cells Plasma Derivatives

Blood Transfusion Reactions

Thrombolytic Therapy: The Era of Reperfusion Acute Coronary Syndrome Acute Ischemic Stroke Pulmonary Embolus Deep Vein Thrombosis Peripheral Arterial Occlusion

Summary