Anatomy and Physiology for Emergency Care Chapter 8 Neural Tissue and the Central Nervous System
The Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Afferent division Efferent division Somatic Nervous system Autonomic Nervous System
Functional Overview of the Nervous System
Anatomy of a Multipolar Neuron
Cellular Organization in Neural Tissue Neurons Functional Classification of Neurons Sensory Neurons Motor Neurons Interneurons General Structure of Neurons Structural Classification of Neurons Neuroglia Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Microglia Ependymal cells Schwann cells
Structural Classification of Neurons
Neuroglia in the CNS
Schwann Cells and Peripheral Axons
Neurophysiology The Membrane Potential Factors Responsible for the Membrane Potential Changes in the Membrane Potential Graded Potentials Action Potential The Generation of an Action Potential Conduction of an Action Potential Demyelination
The Cell Membrane at the Resting Potential
An Action Potential
Conduction of Action Potentials over Unmyelinated and Myelinated
Synaptic Communication Structure of a Synapse Presynaptic neurons Postsynaptic neurons Synaptic cleft
Synaptic Events and Neurotransmitters Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Acetylcholine (Ach) Norepinephrine Dopamine GABA Serotonin
Neuronal Pools Divergence Convergence Parallel Processing
Introduction to Reflexes The Reflex Arc
Anatomical Organization of the Nervous System
Anatomy of the Nervous System The Meninges Dura mater Arachnoid Pia mater Blood Brain Barrier
The Spinal Cord Gross Anatomy Sectional Anatomy
Sectional Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
The Brain Major Divisions of the Brain Ventricles of the Brain Cerebrospinal Fluid The Cerebrum Structure of the Cerebral Hemispheres Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex Association Areas Cortical Connections Cerebral Processing Centers General interpretive Area Speech Center Prefrontal Cortex Memory Hemispheric Specialization Electroencephalogram
The Brain
The Brain Ventricles of the Brain
The Brain Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
The Brain Cerebral Hemisphere
The Brain Hemispheric Specialization
The Brain Cerebral nuclei Caudate nucleus Amygdaloid body
The Brain Limbic System
The Brain The Diencephalon The Midbrain The Pons The Cerebellum Thalamus Hypothalamus The Midbrain The Pons The Cerebellum The Medulla Oblongata
Aging and the Nervous System Reduction in brain size and weight Reduction in the number of neurons Decrease in blood flow to the brain Changes in synaptic organization of the brain Intracellular and extracellular changes in the CNS neurons
Summary
Emergency Care Applications Chapter 8
Medical Disorders of the Nervous System Cerebrovascular Accident (Brain Attack) Transient Ischemic Attacks Seizure Disorders
Nervous System Infections Meningitis Viral Meningitis Unusual Forms of Meningitis Parasitic Brain Infections Brain Abscess Encephalitis Prion Disease
Headache Migraine Headache Cluster Headache Tension Headache
Neurological Trauma Spinal Cord Syndromes Blunt Trauma Diffuse Injuries Focal Injuries Penetrating Trauma Spinal Cord Injuries Cord concussion Cord contusion Cord compression Cord laceration Complete transection Incomplete transection Cord hemorrhage Spinal Cord Syndromes Anterior cord syndrome Central-cord syndrome Brown-Sequard syndrome Spinal shock
Neurological Trauma
Focal Injuries
Penetrating Trauma
Spinal Cord Injuries
Summary