Mobile Computing and Commerce And Pervasive Computing Chapter 9 Mobile Computing and Commerce And Pervasive Computing

Learning Objectives Describe the mobile computing environment that supports m-commerce (i.e., devices, software, services). Describe the four major types of wireless telecommunications networks. Define mobile commerce and understand its relationship to e-commerce. Discuss the value-added attributes, benefits, and fundamental drivers of m-commerce. Discuss m-commerce applications in finance, shopping, advertising, and provision of content.

Learning Objectives Discuss the application of m-commerce within organizations. Understand B2B and supply chain management applications of m-commerce. Describe consumer and personal applications of m-commerce. Understand the technologies and potential application of location-based m-commerce. Describe the major inhibitors and barriers of m-commerce. Discuss the key characteristics and current uses of pervasive computing.

Mobile Computing Content,Infrastructure and Services Mobile computing refers to a computing paradigm designed for workers who travel outside the boundaries of their organizations or anyone on the move.

Mobile Computing Content,Infrastructure and Services Exhibit 9.1

Mobile Computing Content,Infrastructure and Services Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) The Wireless Application Protocol is a suite of network protocols designed to enable different kinds of wireless devices to access WAP-readable files on an Internet -connected Web server.

Mobile Computing Content,Infrastructure and Services 9.3

Mobile Computing Content,Infrastructure and Services Synchronization, the exchange of updated information with other computing devices, is a requirement of any mobile computing device that stores data.

Mobile Computing Content,Infrastructure and Services Micropayments Micropayments,which are electronic payments for small -purchase amounts, generally less than $10,have not become widespread in EC,at least in part because of the relatively high cost of conducting such transactions. Location-Based Services global positioning system (GPS) A worldwide satellite-based tracking system that enables users to determine their position anywhere on the earth.

Wireless Telecommunications Networks personal area network (PAN) A PAN is suitable for mobile users who need to make very short-range device-to-device wireless connections within a small space,typically a single room. Bluetooth A set of telecommunications standards that enables wireless devices to communicate with each other over short distances.

Wireless Telecommunications Networks wireless local area network and Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) Wi-Fi: The common name used to describe the IEEE 802.11 standard used on most WLANs.

Wireless Telecommunications Networks 802.11b The most popular Wi-Fi standard; it is inexpensive and offers sufficient speed for most devices; however, interference can be a problem. 802.11a This Wi-Fi standard is faster than 802.11b but has a smaller range. 802.11g This fast but expensive Wi-Fi standard is mostly used in businesses.

Wireless Telecommunications Networks EXHIBIT 9.4 How Wi-Fi Works

Wireless Telecommunications Networks WWAN Communication Protocols Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

Mobile Commerce: Attributes, Benefits, and Drivers Mobile commerce (m-commerce, m-business) , includes any business activity conducted over a wireless telecommunications network.

Mobile Commerce: Attributes, Benefits, and Drivers Attributes of m-commerce Generally speaking,many of the EC applications described in this book also apply to m-commerce.Auction sites are starting to use m-commerce, and wireless collaborative commerce in B2B EC is emerging.The major attributes described next offer the opportunity for development of new applications that are possible only in the mobile environment. Ubiquity Convenience Interactivity Personalization Localization

Mobile Commerce: Attributes, Benefits, and Drivers exhibit 9.7

Mobile Commerce: Attributes, Benefits, and Drivers DRIVERS OF M-COMMERCE Widespread availability of more powerful mobile devices The handset culture The service economy Vendors’ push The mobile workforce Increased mobility Improved price and performance Improvement of bandwidth

Mobile Financial Applications exhibit 9.8

Mobile Financial Applications Wireless electronic payment systems Wireless wallets Wireless bill payments

Mobile Shopping, Advertising, and Content Provision WIRELESS SHOPPING MOBILE AND TARGETED ADVERTISING Mobile portal A customer access and interaction channel, optimized for mobility, that aggregates and provides content to and services for mobile users.

Mobile Enterprise and Supply Chain SUPPORT OF MOBILE EMPLOYEES Mobile Office Sales Force Mobilization and Automation Worker Support in Retailing Support in Operations Tracking Employees Job Dispatch Maintenance and Repair at Remote Sites Wearable Devices

Mobile Enterprise and Supply Chain SUPPORTING OTHER TYPES OF WORK CUSTOMER AND PARTNER SUPPORT NON-INTERNET ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS B2B M-COMMERCE AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Mobile Consumer And Personal Service Applications MOBILE ENTERTAINMENT WIRELESS TELEMEDICINE

Location-Based Mobile Commerce Location-based m-commerce Delivery of m-commerce transactions to individuals in a specific location, at a specific time.

Location-Based Mobile Commerce THE TECHNOLOGY FOR L-COMMERCE Global Positioning System GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM AND GPS Geographical information system (GIS) A computer system capable of integrating, storing, editing, analyzing, sharing, and displaying geographically referenced (spatial) information. GPS/GIS Applications

Location-Based Mobile Commerce Five key factors for services provided : Location Navigation Tracking Mapping Timing

Location-Based Mobile Commerce LOCATION-BASED ADVERTISING Emergency response cell phone calls Telematics and Telemetry applications telematics,the integration of computers and wireless communications to improve information flow using the principles of telemetry. OTHER APPLICATIONS OF LOCATION-BASED SYSTEMS

Location-Based Mobile Commerce BARRIERS TO LOCATION-BASED M-COMMERCE Accuracy of devices The cost-benefit justification Limited network bandwidth Invasion of privacy

Security and Other Implementation Issues in M-Commerce M-COMMERCE SECURITY ISSUES Malicious Code、transaction security、Wireless communication、 Physical security of mobile devices、Ease of use and poor security、security measures

Security and Other Implementation Issues in M-Commerce TECHNOLOGICAL BARRIERS TO M-COMMERCE Technical Limitations of Mobile Computing Insufficient bandwidth Security standards Power consumption Transmission interferences GPS accuracy WAP limitations Potential health hazards Human–computer interface Complexity

Security and Other Implementation Issues in M-Commerce Ethical,legal,and health issues in m-commerce Barriers for enterprise mobile computing Project failures in m-commerce

Pervasive Computing Pervasive computing is invisible, everywhere computing;it is computing capabilities being embedded into the objects around us. Radio frequency identification(RFID) A number of pervasive computing initiatives are underway that hold substantial promise for the future of EC and m-commerce and that have the substantial financial backing that will be needed for commercial success.

Pervasive Computing RFID technology uses radio waves to identify items. An RFID system consists of (1) an RFID tag that includes an antenna and a chip with information about the item and (2)an RFID reader that contains a radio transmitter and receiver.

Pervasive Computing Exhibit 9.10 How RFID Works

Pervasive Computing RFID technology is already being used for a variety of purposes: Track moving vehicles; Track people; Track individual items; Protect secure areas; Record transactions.

Pervasive Computing SMART APPLICATIONS: HOMES, CARS, AND MORE Pervasive computing , with its tiny devices and tags, including RFID tags,is the key to many applications. Smart Homes Smart cars Sensor Networks