Global Aluminium Sustainable Development Initiative A Successful Worldwide Voluntary Industry Approach to Mitigation Jerry Marks International Aluminium Institute Pre-sessional Consultations on the TAR Milan 28 November 2003 Jerry Marks International Aluminium Institute Pre-sessional Consultations on the TAR Milan 28 November 2003

International Aluminium Institute Twenty-five member companies around the world Representation through CEOs and Presidents of member companies Administrative headquarters in London, UK Represents 75% of world primary aluminium production Cooperate with 20+ local and national aluminium associations Facilitates exchange of views among company executives on matters of common interest Projects carried out through working committees composed of professional staff of member companies

GHGs From Primary Aluminium Production Global average about 11 t CO 2 eq/t Al Cathode Block Molten Aluminium Feeder Gases Anode Electrolyte Anode Carbon 1.7 t CO 2 eq/t Al Electricity Input 15.6 MWh/t Al 4.8 t CO 2 eq/t Al PFC Emissions 1.2 t CO 2 eq/t Al CF 4 and C 2 F 6 CO 2 Anode fabrication 0.3 t CO 2 eq/t Al CO 2 Alumina mining & refining CO 2 2 t CO 2 eq/t Al

Global Primary Aluminium Production Facilities million tonnes primary produced in 2001

Recent Achievements Recorded 70% reduction in specific PFC emissions through 2001 from the 1990 baseline Partnered with WRI/WBCSD to develop worldwide consensus standards for inventory of GHG gases for primary aluminium production Partnered with USEPA to Develop good practice measurement method for PFCs Develop recommended updated Tier 1 and Tier 2 coefficients for calculation of PFC emissions from primary aluminium production

The International Aluminium Institute, representing the majority of the world’s aluminium smelting Industry, has launched the Global Aluminium Sustainable Development Initiative The 25 IAI Member Companies have committed themselves to eight voluntary objectives, with company achievement monitored and measured annually against a set of 22 key performance indicators. What’s NEW?

The global socio-economic contribution of the Aluminium Industry

Transportation - Minimizing Energy Consumed High strength to mass ratio of aluminum products critical to minimizing fuel consumption in ground transportation and aerospace applications Packaging - Preserving & Protecting Food Supply Impervious to oxygen & light aluminum packaging & foil preserves and protects the integrity of our food Effective packaging saves about 30% of the world’s food from wastage. Sustainable aluminum products

Aluminium Industry Voluntary SDI Objectives 1.An 80% reduction in Perfluorocarbon (PFC) greenhouse gas emissions per tonne of aluminium produced for the Industry as a whole by 2010 vs 1990; 2.A minimum of a 33% reduction in fluoride emissions for the Industry as a whole per tonne of aluminium produced by 2010 vs This target figure to be reviewed after 3 years; 3.A 10% reduction in smelting energy usage for the Industry as a whole per tonne of aluminium produced by 2010 vs 1990; 4.A 50% reduction in the Lost Time Accident Rate and Recordable Accident Rate by 2010 vs 2000 for the Industry as a whole, with a review of the 50% target in 2006; 5.Implementation of Management Systems for Environment (including ISO or equivalent certification) and for Health and Safety in 95% of Member plants by 2010; 6.Implementation of an Employee Exposure Assessment and Medical Surveillance Programme in 95% of Member plants by 2010; 7.The Industry to monitor its recycling performance globally and to use the data to establish a voluntary target. The Industry will develop a global action programme in support of the voluntary targets, thereby encouraging a significant increase in the volume of aluminium metal from old (post consumer) scrap; 8.The Industry will monitor annually aluminium shipments for use in transport in order to track aluminium's contribution through light- weighting to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from road, rail and sea transport.

Performance indicators - environmental 1.Global PFC emissions and average PFC emissions per tonne of aluminium produced; 2.Aluminium shipment to the transportation sectors; 3.Global annual total of old and new scrap recycled and the total of the resulting metal; 4.Fresh water consumption (m 3 per tonne of aluminium produced); 5.The global percentage of plants with EMAS and/or ISO qualifications for environment as well as the global percentage of plants that have Health and Safety management systems in place; 6.Average land used for mining and percentage of mined areas rehabilitated annually; 7.Global SO 2 /BaP/Particulate emissions and average emissions per tonne of aluminium produced; 8.Global fluoride emissions and average fluoride emissions per tonne of aluminium produced; 9.The Global Energy Mix showing energy use, including renewable resources, for aluminium production; 10.Tonnes of bauxite residue deposited per tonne of alumina produced; tonnes of spent pot lining deposited per tonne of aluminium produced; percentage of bauxite residue and spent pot lining processed or re-used; tonnes of salt slag deposited from dross sent for processing by Member Companies, per tonne of aluminium produced; 11.Global GHG emissions (CO 2 equivalents) and average emissions per tonne of alumina and aluminium produced.

Performance indicators –economic and social Economic Global primary aluminium and alumina production statistics; Use of aluminium (as consumption per head of the population); Contribution to GDP (measured as net-added value); Total direct employment (to include an indication of the indirect employment multiplier effect); Level of investment (to include new assets, maintenance, environmental protection and research and development); The wages ratio (average aluminium wages as compared to the national average wages). Social The global percentage of plants with formal mechanisms for consulting the local community; Percentage of plants with workforce training/education schemes and youth employment programmes. (Training performance/hour/person/year); Community Initiatives to improve health, education, environment and the local community; The global percentage of plants that have employee exposure assessment and medical surveillance programmes; Global Recordable Accident Rate (number of recordable accidents per million working hours) and Global Lost Time Accident Rate (lost time accidents per million working hours).

Reduction in PFC Emissions

Benchmarking - Percentile ranking for anode effect frequency by technology

Base Case Net CO2 Savings years Life Cycle Modeling 1 kilogram of Aluminium Used In Automotive 1 kilogram of Aluminium Used In Automotive Potential to Eliminate 20 kilograms of CO2 Emissions Over the Life of an Average Vehicle Conservative Optimistic

Aluminum products are recyclable Recycling only needs 5% of the energy as primary production Recycling of aluminium saves 84 million tonnes of greenhouse gases every year Energy 1 kg of aluminum beverage cans is worth more to collectors than 10 kg of paper or 15 kg of plastics Recycling of aluminium improves the economics of recycling, minimizes litter and reduces waste to landfills. Aluminum is an “energy bank” – the original energy input can be recovered again and again every time the product is recycled

Aluminium Products Are Sustainable Since 1888, 660 million metric tons of aluminum produced 2/3 of Aluminium Ever Made Is Still in Productive Use

In Summary, Expectations set for: Continuous improvement driven by the indicators; Rigorous application of 22 performance indicators; Annual reporting of performance against the Initiative’s objectives and indicators; Further voluntary objectives.

World aluminium usage and recycling

Global electric energy for electrolysis – historic development