Goal Setting and Self Assessment: Teaching Lifelong Learning Skills Stacy Potts, MD Allison Hargreaves, MD

Objectives By to the end of the session, participants will be able to: 1.Describe SMART goal setting techniques in clinical education settings 2.List practical methods for teaching lifelong learning strategies 3.Formulate a plan to incorporate goal setting and learner self assessment into clinical teaching

Background Self assessment and self-directed lifelong learning are essential to medical practice Knowledge doubles every 3 to 10 years Medical trials rose from 500 to 10,000 in the last two decades of the 20 th century Ability to engage in lifelong self-directed learning is the single most important competence

Integrated Competency Diagram (H. Bell) MedicalKnowledge Patient Care Professionalism Interpersonal and Communication Skills Practice-based Learning System-basedPractice

Integrated Competency Diagram MedicalKnowledge Patient Care Professionalism InterpersonalandCommunicationSkills System-based Practice Practice-based Learning

Practice Based Learning and Improvement Residents must demonstrate the ability to investigate and evaluate their care of patients, to appraise and assimilate scientific evidence, and to continuously improve patient care based on constant self-evaluation and life-long learning.

Lifelong Learning Continuous Supportive Stimulating and empowering Incorporating knowledge, values, skills, and understanding Spanning a lifetime Applied Incorporating confidence

"The hardest conviction to get into the mind of a beginner is that the education upon which he is engaged is not a college course, not a medical course, but a life course, for which the work of a few years under teachers is but a preparation." - William Osler

Experiential Learning Concrete Experience Reflective Observation Abstract Conceptualization Active Experimentation Kolb Learning Cycle Observed Behaviors What ? So what? Now what? Private Learning Process

Goal Setting Individual + Motivation = Commitment Active participation includes: –Defining the accomplishment –Determining the specific, measurable outcomes –Creating the timeline –Identifying the necessary resources

Collaborative Goal Setting Discussion Compromise Agreement Bottom Up Goal Setting

Goal Creation Identify opportunities for goals Write goal statements Develop goals Formulate action plans

Goal Types Essential goals Problem-solving goals Innovative goals

SMARTER Goal Writing Specific Measurable Action-Oriented Realistic Time- and resource-constrained Energizing Relevant

Goal Setting Opportunities Specific learning interaction Rotation specific Advising meetings Semi Annual Reviews Portfolio development and review

Specific Learning Interaction Discuss learner’s past experiences Discuss expectations Develop goals for interaction Provide feedback Develop next steps

Rotation Specific Initial meeting to discuss goals –Include inquiry of past experiences –Co-identify needs –Document goals and action steps Mid rotation feedback –Review current experiences and progress towards goals –Consider resources –Adjust goals as necessary End of rotation feedback –Reassess progress towards goals –Develop next steps

Advising Meetings Regular, scheduled meetings with pre-identified agenda Long(er) term goal setting Calibration of self assessment Identifying resources Develop next steps (for both learner and advisor)

Semi Annual Review Pre-meeting preparation –Self Assessment –Goal setting –Stage of training guided Calibrate self assessment Review of goals –Develop into SMARTER goals –Discuss resources to meet goals –Develop next steps

Portfolio-based Learning Values past learning and experience Recognizes learners ability to learn and act independently Centrality of reflection to the learning process Allows meaningful links between experiences Challis 1999

Portfolio Spectrum Teacher Centered Teacher Driven Learner Centered Learner Driven Mixed Model Teacher and Learner Collaboration Little or no learner involvement Learner completely in control of design and content

Mixed Model Administration Driven Biographic data* Test scores Picture Evaluations* Documents Written evals/OSCEs Chart reviews Precepting summaries Procedure logs* Conference attendance* Resident Driven Reflections Presentations Community activities Committee involvement Projects * Automatic from EValue Data

Purpose Development of Skills in: –Goal Setting –Self Reflection –Self Assessment –Lifelong learning Development of Advising System which: –Focuses on Whole Learner (Past, Present, and Future) –Accesses Resources (About learner, for learner)

Calibrating the Self Assessment Reviewing self assessment –Strengths –Opportunities for improvement Reviewing external evaluator’s assessment Building upon themes Reconciling incongruence

Collaborative Goal Setting Negotiate priorities Develop action steps Develop follow up plan FOLLOW UP

Self Reflection What? So what? Now what?

Achieving Goals Implement the plan Monitor Progress Revise Objectives Restart the cycle

Take Home Set a goal for incorporating goal setting into your home learning environment –Make it: Specific Measurable Action Oriented Realistic Time and Resource Constrained Energizing Relevant

References Rouillard L. Goals and Goal Setting. 3 rd edition. Oklahoma City, OK: Crisp Learning; Westberg J and Jason H. Fostering Learner’s Reflection and Self-Assessment. Fam Med 1994; 26: