Marine Ecology Selected Adaptations Let’s set sail for adventure!!!

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Presentation transcript:

Marine Ecology Selected Adaptations Let’s set sail for adventure!!!

Basic Ecology factors regulating the distribution and abundance of organisms in the ocean. influence of physical and chemical parameters on organisms in the various ecosystems that constitute the ocean.

Selected Adaptive Strategies: Bioluminescence Fishes - important nektons Many are deepsea predators Need their own light to attract prey … to attract mates photophores luciferin + luciferase

The Blue Planet

PREDATOR Fangtooth Striped tuna, Bluefin tuna Marlin Sei whale Manta ray, Ray Pacific Mackeral Spotted Dolphin Sailfish Blue Shark Deepwater crab Wahoo PREY Sardines Flying fish Surgeonfish eggs Yellowfin tuna eggs PLANKTON NUTRIENTS

More Nekton Strategies predator/prey must be swift and efficient swimmers move swiftly to –eat –avoid being eaten. Thus fish have evolved to maximize their ability to move through water.

Caudal (Tail) Fins most important for speed flared to increase vertical thrust

ROUNDED fin (e.g., angelfish) very flexible, slow-speed manuevering

TRUNCATE fin (e.g., coho salmon) somewhat flexible, manuevering

FORKED fin (e.g., yellow goatfish) somewhat flexible, manuevering

The Blue Planet

LUNATE fin (e.g., bluefin tuna or blue marlin) very rigid, no good for manuevering, built for pure speed

HETEROCERCAL fin (“uneven tail) most of mass & surface area in upper part to produce lift pectorals balance to aid lift, but limits manueverability

Caudal Fins rounded –very flexible, manuevering truncate & forked –somewhat flexible, manuevering lunate –very rigid, propulsion heterocercal –“uneven tail” for lift and propulsion

Built for Speed speed related to body length –4-foot yellowfin tuna, 46 mph –13-foot bluefin tuna, 90 mph (theoretically) –9-foot porpoise, 25 mph –30-foot killer whale, 34 mph

Giant Squid: traps water in mantle and forcefully jettisons it from siphon in head

active predator of fish arms to capture tentacles to bring to beak both lined with suckers

The Kraken is a legend, but giant squid DO exist! …~20 feet long!

Colossal Squid Captured Wellington, NZ, April pounds - 16 feet long Go to the web now matey!!