Forensic DNA Inference ICFIS 2008 Lausanne, Switzerland Mark W Perlin, PhD, MD, PhD Joseph B Kadane, PhD Robin W Cotton, PhD Cybergenetics © 2003-2008.

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Presentation transcript:

Forensic DNA Inference ICFIS 2008 Lausanne, Switzerland Mark W Perlin, PhD, MD, PhD Joseph B Kadane, PhD Robin W Cotton, PhD Cybergenetics ©

Likelihood Ratio quantitative rarity statistic in forensic science match likelihood ratio (MLR) posterior probability match data likelihood ratio (DLR) data data likelihood likelihood ratio ratio

Match item questioned evidence suspect data type

Match Probability (disjoint values) (assume types independent)

Inner Product standard pattern comparison method widely used, powerful math properties

Match Rarity Define the Match Likelihood Ratio (MLR) statistic

How to compute the MLR

MLR is a likelihood ratio Hypothesis C: suspect S contributed to evidence item Q MLR assesses match observation M under alternative contributor hypotheses C and C'

How to report a MLR The probability of a match between evidence type Q and suspect type S is (some number) times more likely than the probability of a match between evidence type Q and a random type R.

Type Probability likelihood function prior probability posterior probability

Single Source DNA likelihood prior posterior

DNA Mixture: Inclusion

DNA Inclusion Example 21 Perpetrator [1 1], [1 2], [2 2] Suspect [2 2]

DNA Mixture: Equality

DNA Equality Example 21 Victim [1 1] Perpetrator [1 2], [2 2] Suspect [2 2] (obligate allele)

Suspect S genotype probability MLR Evidence Q genotype prior probability DLR Constant Prior One Genotype DLR is a special case of MLR Mixture: Evidence Q 0/1 likelihood function

DNA Mixture: Quantitative 1, 2 & 3 unknown low copy number damaged DNA case-to-case method validation

DNA Kinship missing persons paternity familial search mass disaster S FM W 12

Population Substructure Genotypes are not independent: shared ancestry Coancestry coefficient : allele IBD probability Induces a measure on joint genotypes

Conclusions introduced MLR: "match likelihood ratio" an inner product ratio statistic agrees with "data likelihood" DNA LR extends LR to other DNA applications statistical framework for non-DNA forensics