MANUFACTURING STATISTICS IN ETHIOPIA By Samuel Hailu Central Statistical Agency Ethiopia

SYSTEM OF DATA COLLECTION AND DISSEMINATION COVERAGE AND PERIODICITY OF DATA COLLECTION - Large & Medium Scale Manufacturing Industry - Small Scale Manufacturing Industry PROBLEM OF COMPILATION AND DISSEMINATION

Large and Medium Scale Manufacturing Industry - Data are collected annually on large and medium scale manufacturing Industry by enumerators and CSA sub professionals together with statisticians, - Coverage of the survey is through out the country at the same period & number of establishments are more than 990, - Both enumerators and supervisors of the survey will always take a 7 – 8 days training on how to fill the questionnaire. To be L&M According to the Working Definition of CSA it should be: ◦ Power driven machine, ◦ Fixed location, ◦ Produce at least partially marketable product, ◦ Have head/led by an administrator/manager and ◦ Have 10 or more employees.

Small Scale Manufacturing Industry Small Scale Manufacturing Industry The difference with Large and Medium Scale industry survey is that number of employees (less than 10 for small scale industry) and Small scale Industry survey is done nation wide every 3 – 5 years (so far done only 4 times including the recent survey done on march 2009). Cottage and Informal Problem of overlapping when done separately and we are planning to conduct a survey as one in 2010/11.

Coverage Cont’d… Quarterly Manufacturing Business Survey for Selected 119 Industries beginning Quarterly Producers Price Index (PPI) for 99 Selected L&M Manufacturing Industries beginning January ◦ CSA support staff from branch offices were trained for data collection of the quarterlies' with a refreshment trainings when there was changes and modifications with the questionnaire and/or assignment of new data collectors.

Coverage Cont’d… Survey period is based on the Ethiopian Fiscal Year and Quarters are defined as follows: ◦ First Quarter - July 8 – October 10 ◦ Second Quarter – October 11 – January 8 ◦ Third Quarter – January 9 – April 8 ◦ Fourth Quarter – April 9 – July 7 o Small note on how to understand the PPI Manufacturing was prepared later in 2006.

INSTRUMENT OF DATA COLLECTION Separate questionnaires for each survey with Instruction manuals on how to fill the respective questionnaires' and proper training were done regularly. Interview by enumerators for data collection in each Establishment with the designated person. LEVEL OF DETAIL, DATA ITEMS We are using ISIC rev. 3 at 4 digits level for data compilation and there is data for more than 30 yrs and produce reports in hard copies, distribute freely to some ministries and gov’t agencies. It is kept in the library and also sold. In addition some of the reports are posted in our web site.

PROBLEMS IN DATA COLLECTION, COMPILATION AND DISSEMINATION Major Problems in Data Collection - it is time taking to fill a questionnaire because of its content and coverage for L&M which results a number of appointment dates to complete a single one, - indirect or direct refusal of respondents by providing partial or no information to the survey questions (unwillingness). - some enterprises try to hide their real income fearing higher taxes some prepare/have two financial statements (actual and fake reliability ???).

Problem of Compilation  because of the nature of the survey there is always a one year lag before data collection takes place (eg. financial statements),  quality checks whether all are filled according to the training given and based upon the financial statements if not need to verify where the cause of the problem and some times call or go back to the factory for further explanation and clarification,  editing, coding and data cleaning will take some time (about 45 to 60 days) before processing because of the existence of some errors when data collecting. Data entry and processing is done using CSPro software.  Then after data processing will take place and summary tables will be produced. High variation in the results of the same ISIC group against previous yrs will be checked for consistency until accepted or justified.

Problem of Dissemination  No big problem in data dissemination except that users are seeking for the very recent data of Annual Large & Medium Scale Industry Survey Reports.  No regular and formal discussion with main stakeholders for further improvement and the like. Should be done despite the limitation of resources.

Thank you !!!