University of Maryland Department of Environmental Safety Lead Awareness University of Maryland Department of Environmental Safety TERMINAL OBJECTIVES (The purpose of this training): To inform state employees about the potentially hazardous nature of asbestos containing materials, their locations in the various campus buildings, what the state program is doing about asbestos, and the procedures to be followed in the event that an asbestos hazard is suspected. To train employees who work in areas or positions where the potential for asbestos exposure is increased, but whose activities do not require disturbing such materials, in hazard recognition and the proper procedures and reporting mechanisms to be followed in the event that a hazard is suspected, or when they encounter asbestos during their work. To meet training requirements of Maryland Executive Order 01.01.1907.22 of November 1987 (superseding that of April 1983 establishing the Maryland Asbestos Program and pertaining to the establishment of the Maryland Asbestos Oversight Committee, etc.). Martin Wizorek, Manager – Occupational Safety and Health

INTRODUCTION

What is Lead? Heavy metal at room temperature Bluish-gray Low melting point Pliable Corrosion resistant Can form lead compounds

In what products was lead commonly used? Gasoline (phase-out began 1980) Smelting Lead batteries (25-78% of all lead used in U.S.) Paints and coatings Solder Auto manufacturing Printing Tetra ethyl lead phase out began in 1980 Other construction products : liners, shielding, water-proofing, etc.

History Late 1950’s – Paint manufacturers started to voluntarily reduced lead content of most paint for residential use. 1978 – CPSC limits paint for residential use to 600 ppm (essentially, lead-free paint). However, lead paint for non-residential use is still sold.

So where is lead paint found? Homes built before 1950 Everywhere – inside and outside (all coatings) Homes built between 1950-1960 Probably outside, may be inside Trims, doors, windows, kitchens, bathrooms, etc. Homes built between 1960-1978 May be outside, less likely inside ***Before 1978 we assume lead!!!

What is “lead paint” EPA/HUD/DHS Definition 1.0 mg/cm2 5000 ppm 0.5% Maryland Definition 0.7 mg/cm2 OSHA and MOSH Definition Any detectable amount

Where could I find lead on campus?

Buildings on Campus & Year Built Date Built Last Renovated Rossborough Inn 1798   Morrill Hall 1898 1994 Taliaferro Hall 1909 2003 Calvert Hall 1913 1984 Skinner Building 1917 1992 Baltimore Hall 1920 1986 West Education Annex 1922 Turner Hall 1923 1964 LeFrak Hall 1928 Energy Plant 1931 1957

Buildings on Campus & Year Built Date Built Last Renovated Ritchie Coliseum 1932 1996 Shoemaker Building   Francis Scott Key Hall Preinkert Hall 1952 St. Mary's Hall 1987 Holzapfel Hall Anne Arundel Hall 1937 1991 H.J. Patterson Hall 1967 Agriculture Shed 1938 Horse Barn

Buildings on Campus & Year Built Date Built Last Renovated Sheep Barn 1938   Cattle Barn Microbiology Building 1939 1988 Service Building 1940 Washington Hall 1986 Howard Hall Marie Mount Hall 1980 Symons Hall 2000 Main Administration Building 1964 Altogether, there are 169 numbered buildings on campus that were constructed prior to 1979.

Examples of the presence of lead-based paint at the University of Maryland

Francis Scott Key Hall Exterior white door and door trim

Francis Scott Key Hall Cream colored door trim (white door and wall are non-LBP)

Cole Field House Interior window sill (men's room)

Cole Field House Exterior door trim (note deterioration) Notice the deterioration

Cole Field House Painted “Maryland” sign

Cambridge Hall Interior drain pipe

Cambridge Hall Interior window sill (radiator cover is non-LBP)

Cambridge Hall Exterior white window trim

Jull Hall Main entrance white door, door trim, wall

Jull Hall Rear white door and white window trim

HEALTH HAZARDS

Ways in which lead enters the body Inhalation - Breathing lead fumes or dust. This is the most common route of entry in the workplace. Ingestion - Swallowing lead dust via food, cigarettes etc.

Health Effects Lead which is inhaled or ingested gets into the bloodstream. Can be circulated throughout your body.

Health Effects Some is excreted while some remains in organs and body tissues. If exposure continues, the amount stored in your body will increase if you are absorbing more lead than your body is excreting.

Chronic Health Effects During prolonged chronic exposure, many body systems can be affected by lead, including: Brain Kidneys Muscles Bones Blood forming organs Reproductive systems 

Chronic Health Effects (Resulting from High Lead Exposure and Absorption Into Body) Severe damage to blood forming, nervous, urinary and reproductive systems Loss of appetite, metallic taste in the mouth, anxiety, constipation, nausea, pallor, excessive tiredness, weakness, insomnia, headache, nervous irritability, muscle and joint pain or soreness, fine tremors, numbness, dizziness, hyperactivity and colic (with severe abdominal pain, lead line Person is easily irritated and may become aggressive

Chronic Health Effects Reproductive systems of both men and women may be affected Decreased sex drive, impotence and sterility in men Miscarriage and stillbirth in women whose husbands were exposed to lead or where they were exposed

Chronic Health Effects Children born of parents who were exposed to excessive lead are more likely to have birth defects, mental retardation, behavioral disorders or die during the first year of childhood

Other Chronic Health Effects Hypertension Lead exposure has been consistently associated with increases in blood pressure in studies conducted in both workers and the general population. Blood lead levels of less than 20 μg/dL sometimes are associated with increases in blood pressure.

Other Chronic Health Effects Decreased kidney function Low to moderate levels of lead exposure also have been associated with adverse changes in kidney function. This association may be even worse in people who have other risk factors for kidney disease, such as hypertension or diabetes.

Acute Health Effects Acute health effects only appear when worker is exposed to extremely high amounts of lead Acute encephalopathy (disorder or disease of the brain) may develop quickly followed by seizures, coma and death from cardio-respiratory arrest Again, highly unusual, but not impossible

THIS IS FROM VERY HIGH LEAD EXPOSURE!!! "The Dangles" was an occupational hazard for printers THIS IS FROM VERY HIGH LEAD EXPOSURE!!!

CONFIRM PRESENCE/ NON-PRESENCE OF LEAD CONTAINING MATERIALS

Lead Identification Department personnel should contact the Department of Environmental Safety (DES) prior to the disturbance of painted surfaces unless it is known with certainty, either through documentation or testing, that the surface does not contain lead

Lead Identification DES will use direct reading instrument (XRF) to determine if lead is present in any of the surfaces to be modified or demolished.

How is lead exposure measured? PEL:  You are allowed to be exposed up to the Permissible Exposure Limit established by OSHA of 50 ug/m3 (micrograms per cubic meter of air) based on an 8-hour time weighted average. Action Level: OSHA established an Action Level of 30 μg/m3 based on an 8 hour time weighted average. 

The All-Important Action Level If lead is present in any quantity in your workplace, OSHA has directed that an “initial determination” must be made by taking air samples while workers are performing their job that may result in airborne lead exposure The AL for lead is 30 µg/m3. If the results are below the AL, no further monitoring is necessary for that job, and the workers are not considered to be significantly lead exposed.

Air Sample Results (As performed by DES for Various Occupations) Activity Average(ug/m3 Range(ug/m3) Comments Housekeeping 0.11 ND-.34 Full shift samples Carpentry 3.9 ND-36 Doors, windows Painting 0.2 ND-0.5 Windows, exterior columns, radiators Plastering 0.18 ND-0.6 Removal & Replacement of of drywall & plaster Maintenance 0.8 ND-3.7 Air filter replacement

Conclusions Based on the results, typical maintenance tasks would not result in exposures above the AL. Some activities, such as power sanding on painted surfaces, resulted in short-term exposures. However, these short-term exposures were still below the PEL.

Awareness of Lead Standard OSHA Regulations state: Where there is a potential exposure to airborne lead at any level, the employee must be informed of the contents of OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1025, Appendix A & B. Because you may be exposed to lead, even in small quantities, the next three slides describe the contents of Appendix A & B

Appendix A Substance Identification Health Hazard Data

Appendix B Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) Exposure Monitoring Methods of Compliance Respiratory Protection Personal protective Equipment Housekeeping Hygiene Facilities

Appendix B Medical Surveillance Medical Removal Training and Information Signs Record keeping

Health Exam Requirements (Applicable to Lead Workers only)

Lead Medical Surveillance OSHA standards require biological monitoring and medical surveillance for all employees exposed to levels of lead above the action level of 30 µg/m3 for more than 30 days per year The blood lead level of all employees who are exposed to lead above the action level is to be determined at least every six months. The frequency is increased to every two months for employees whose last blood lead level was above 40 µg/100 g

Health Protection/Medical Surveillance Obtain a Blood Lead Level (BLL) Maintain blood lead levels to below 40 micrograms per 100 grams of whole blood (40 µg/100g). Recommend a level below 30 µg/100g for workers who intend to have children Blood lead measurements show the amount of lead circulating, but not the amount stored in tissue.

Lead Medical Examination A medical examination is given to lead workers: Annually Immediately, if an employee has developed signs or symptoms commonly associated with lead poisoning Whenever an employee desires medical advice regarding lead exposure and the ability to procreate a healthy child Immediately if the employee has demonstrated difficulty in breathing during a respirator fitting test or during respirator use

Lead Poisoning Prevention (For the Non-Lead Worker) Minimizing exposure to lead is the key to minimizing health effects

Housekeeping/Work Practices When working with products that contain lead, such as lead-based paints and lead blocks: Use exhaust ventilation to capture dust/fumes whenever possible; HEPA vacuum dust-covered work surfaces; dry sweeping or compressed air is prohibited; wet methods may be used; Do not eat, drink, smoke or apply cosmetics in areas where lead/lead dust is present; Wash hands and face after lead work; Wear protective clothing to avoid getting dust on your clothes and then bringing it home to spouse and children.

Lead Dust Control Recommend that HEPA vacuum be used to pick up lead paint of other lead dust.

Lead Dust Control You must use caution if you perform any of the following activities where lead containing coatings or paint are present It would be a good idea to coordinate these activities with DES to assure lead exposure is controlled manual demolition of structures manual scraping manual sanding heat gun applications power tool cleaning rivet busting welding cutting torch burning abrasive blasting cleanup activities where dry expendable abrasives are used abrasive blasting enclosure movement and removal

Prohibited Lead Removal Methods The contractor performing abatement of lead-based paint may not use the following methods to remove the paint: Open flame burning Dry sanding (unless used with a HEPA vacuum) Open abrasive blasting Uncontained hydro-blasting Methylene chloride for interior use (exception, methylene chloride may be used in interior work areas for localized touch-up) Dry scraping Heat gun operating at or above 1,100°F

Approved Lead Control Methods Wet scraping Chemical stripping Heat Gun

Approved Lead Control Methods Replacement Any component part of a building may be abated by replacement with a part free of lead-containing substances For instance, the lead-painted component (such as a doorframe or a window frame) is removed entirely and in one piece.

Could I find lead outside of campus? If your home was built before 1978, it may contain lead based paint.  Hobbies: stained glass, home remodeling or painting, recreational target shooting, melting lead for fishing weights, lead glaze in ceramics. Non-occupational exposures: backyard scrap metal recycling, leaded crystal tableware, cookware, folk remedies, pica, mine tailings, beauty products (eye make up, certain hair dyes).

Questions?