Foundations of American Education, Fifth Edition L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Foundations of American Education , 5th Edition

PowerPoint Presentation Chapter 8 The Social and Cultural Contexts of Schooling: Their Influence and Consequence PowerPoint Presentation L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Agents of Socialization The School transmits the culture The Family influences use of language impacts gender-role perceptions impacts educational achievement and attainment The Changing Family family configurations have changed responsibility for socialization shifted from family to school families spend less time together L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Agents of Socialization (continued) The Peer Group reflects and reinforces adult values influences values, attitudes, and decision making Religion transmits values social control The Mass Media media violence/aggression television and school achievement L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

The Purposes and Expectations of Schooling Functionalist perspective education for social and economic order Conflict Theory perspective concerned with the conflict between social classes schools serve the wealthy and powerful, at expense of the poor Interactionist perspective interactional aspects of school life (between students, and students and teachers) L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Social, Ethnic, and Racial Diversity in the Student Population Social Class Five classes or groups, determined by wealth and income, education, occupation, power, and prestige: upper class upper middle class lower middle class upper working class lower working class L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Social Class Achievement and Attainment Gaps The goal of equal educational opportunity for all has never been fully achieved in the United States. L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Social, Ethnic, and Racial Diversity in the Student Population (continued) Hispanic Americans largest ethnic group in United States geographically concentrated constitute 29% of all children living in poverty underrepresented in primary education, gifted, and college preparation courses L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Social, Ethnic, and Racial Diversity in the Student Population (continued) African Americans 32% are under the age of 18 children reside in tax-poor, high-poverty districts less likely to be in preprimary education, gifted, and college preparatory classes change schools often experience higher school-expulsion rates L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Social, Ethnic, and Racial Diversity in the Student Population (continued) Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders greater school achievement than all ethnic and racial groups lowest percentage of dropouts stereotyped as model students their academic problems may go unnoticed L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Social, Ethnic, and Racial Diversity in the Student Population (continued) Native Americans (American Indians and Alaska Natives) diverse population most reside in Western states majority attend public schools highest rate of absenteeism cultural difference theory “Indian English” L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

The Racial and Ethnic Attainment Gap Ethnic, racial, and gender differences in educational attainment continue to exist. L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

The Declining Gender Gap Title IX (1972) females outperform males in reading scores (NAEP) males outperform females in verbal and mathematics scores (SAT) increase in female participation in higher education gender-role socialization L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Students With Exceptionalities gifted and talented students students with mental and physical disabilities historic court cases federal laws Section 504 Rehabilitation Act of 1973 IDEA (formerly Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975) L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Students with limited English proficiency: Language Diversity Students with limited English proficiency: 5.1 million K-12 students often have not attended preschool begin school less ready to learn have parents who do not read to them much are more likely to live in poverty L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations of American Education, 5e. Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.