LECTURE 15, OCTOBER 21, 2010 ASTR 101, SECTION 3 INSTRUCTOR, JACK BRANDT 1ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

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Question 1 a) core b) corona c) photosphere d) chromosphere e) convection zone The visible light we see from our Sun comes from which part? 7ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

Question 1 The visible light we see from our Sun comes from which part? a) core b) corona c) photosphere d) chromosphere e) convection zone The photosphere is a relatively narrow layer below the chromosphere and corona, with an average temperature of about 6000 K. 8ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

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Question 5 A neutrino can escape from the solar core within minutes. How long does it take a photon to escape? a) minutes b) hours c) months d) hundreds of years e) about a million years 11ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

Question 5 A neutrino can escape from the solar core within minutes. How long does it take a photon to escape? a) minutes b) hours c) months d) hundreds of years e) about a million years Gamma ray photons are absorbed and re-emitted continuously in the layers above the core. They gradually shift in spectrum to visible and infrared light at the photosphere. 12ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

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Question 7 The number of sunspots and solar activity in general peaks a) every 27 days, the apparent rotation period of the Sun’s surface. b) once a year. c) every 5½ years. d) every 11 years. e) approximately every 100 years. 25ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

Question 7 a) every 27 days, the apparent rotation period of the Sun’s surface. b) once a year. c) every 5 ½ years. d) every 11 years. e) approximately every 100 years. The sunspot cycle shows a consistent 11-year pattern of activity dating back more than 300 years. The number of sunspots and solar activity in general peaks 26ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

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PROTON-PROTON CHAIN 4 Hydrogen have an atomic weight of: (4 X 1.008) = Helium-4 has an atomic weight of The difference (4.032 – 4.008) = ).024 goes into energy via E = mc X c Most of the energy released (98%) goes into Gamma Rays and motion of the Helium and 2% goes into neutrinos ASTR 101-3, FALL

Question 4 The proton–proton cycle involves what kind of fusion process? a) carbon (C) into oxygen (O) b) helium (He) into carbon (C) c) hydrogen (H) into helium (He) d) neon (Ne) into silicon (Si) e) oxygen (O) into iron (Fe) 36ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

Question 4 In the P-P cycle, four hydrogen nuclei (protons) fuse into one helium nucleus, releasing gamma rays and neutrinos. The proton–proton cycle involves what kind of fusion process? a) carbon (C) into oxygen (O) b) helium (He) into carbon (C) c) hydrogen (H) into helium (He) d) neon (Ne) into silicon (Si) e) oxygen (O) into iron (Fe) 37ASTR 101-3, FALL 2010

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