Overview of Public Health Surveillance Denise Koo, MD, MPH Epidemiology Program Office Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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Presentation transcript:

Overview of Public Health Surveillance Denise Koo, MD, MPH Epidemiology Program Office Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Public Health Approach ProblemResponse Surveillance: What is the problem? Risk Factor Identification: What is the cause? Intervention Evaluation: What works? Implementation: How do you do it?

Public Health Surveillance Ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those responsible for prevention and control.

Public Health Surveillance Systematic, ongoing Collection Analysis Interpretation Dissemination Link to public health practice

Purposes of Public Health Surveillance Assess public health status Define public health priorities Evaluate programs Stimulate research

Core Public Health Functions Assessment Policy development Assurance

Surveillance Information for Action

Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

Shigellosis United States, Year Reported Cases per 100,000 Population Source: CDC. Summary of notifiable diseases

Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

Rate of Hepatitis A United States, 1998 < – –19.9 >20.0 NA NYC DC PR VI GUAM AM SAMOA CNMI Source: CDC. Summary of notifiable diseases

Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME (TSS) United States, TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME (TSS) United States, National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID) data* National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance (NETSS) data Year (Quarter) Reported Cases

Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

Botulism (Foodborne) United States, Outbreak caused by potato salad, NM Outbreak caused by sautéed onions, IL Outbreak caused by fermented fish/sea products, AK Outbreak caused by baked potatoes, TX Laboratory- confirmed cases* NETSS data Year Reported Cases Source: CDC. Summary of notifiable diseases

Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

Year Reported Cases (Thousands) Vaccine licensed MEASLES — by year, United States, 1983– Year Reported Cases (Thousands) MEASLES (Rubeola) United States,

Pertussis (Whooping Cough) United States, ,200 1,500 1,800 2,100 2,400 Age Group (Years) <1 1–4 5–9 10–14 15–19 20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 >60 Reported Cases

Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

Poliomyelitis (Paralytic) Year Reported Cases Source: CDC. Summary of notifiable diseases Rate/100,000 Population Year Inactivated Vaccine Oral Vaccine United States,

Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

Trends in Plasmid-Mediated Resistance to Penicillin and Tetracycline United States, Source: Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP) Percent PPNG TRNG PPNG & TRNG Year

Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

Breast Cancer Screening

Uses of Public Health Surveillance Estimate magnitude of the problem Determine geographic distribution of illness Portray the natural history of a disease Detect epidemics/define a problem Generate hypotheses, stimulate research Evaluate control measures Monitor changes in infectious agents Detect changes in health practices Facilitate planning

Foreign- born Tuberculosis United States, (U.S.- and foreign-born persons)

Obesity United States, Not available < 10 % …… ……. 10%-15% >15%

Source: BRFSS 1998 Physical Activity Georgia 1998 Less than 15,000$ 15, ,999$ Responses 25, ,999$ 35, ,999$ $50,000> NO YES PER CENT