Methods to Reduce Sulfur Dioxide Emissions From Coal-Fueled Utilities Title visual to example talk. The speaker should use this visual to discuss introductory material such as the importance of the talk Notice that having the speaker’s name and institution allows the speaker to begin in a more powerful than just My name is Cynthia Schmidt and I’m from the Mechanical Engineering Department at the University of Texas. There’s nothing wrong with that opening, but it could be more powerful: Last year, coal-fired utilities emitted more than 21 million tons of sulfur dioxides into the atmosphere. Again, the most common mistake that students make with title visuals is that they do not project them long enough. (CSW, pages 212-217) Cynthia Schmidt Mechanical Engineering Department University of Texas

Three classes of methods exist for reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide pre-combustion methods Mapping visual of sample presentation. While most speakers miss an opportunity with mapping visuals by just giving the audience a boring and unmemorable vertical list of topics (including the names “Introduction” and “Conclusion”), this speaker couched the list in an image, which was much easier for the audience to remember. In regards to the names “Introduction” and “Conclusion,” every talk has those sections, and the names are not missed. Note also that the speaker grouped her methods into three categories. Groups of two’s, three’s, and four’s are much easier to remember and are not so nearly intimidating as groups of five’s, six’s, and seven’s. This particular visual appears in the textbook. (CSW, pages 212-217) combustion methods post-combustion methods

Coal switching and coal cleaning are two precombustion methods High Sulfur Mine Low Sulfur Mine First visual for the body’s first main category--in essence, this visual maps the two methods in this category of methods. (CSW, pages 212-217)

Utilities can reduce SO2 emissions by switching to low sulfur coal Low Sulfur Mine High Sulfur Mine • 70% removal of SO2 • no capital costs • increased coal costs • increased transportation costs Second visual for body’s first main category. Notice the sentence headline. Notice also the images and results in the body. (CSW, pages 212-217)

Coal cleaning removes sulfur from the coal after it is mined • 20–70% removal of SO2 • no capital costs • increased coal cost • decreased transportation costs • decreased operating costs Third visual for body’s first main category. Notice the sentence headline. Notice also the images and results in the body. (CSW, pages 212-217)

Choose a format that's professional The most effective combustion method is an atmospheric fluidized bed separator air inlet cleaned exhaust grid • 90% removal capability • low capital cost—able to use in existing equipment • high operating cost • ability to use different grades of coal First (and only) visual for body’s second main category. Notice the sentence headline. Notice also the images and results in the body. This particular visual appears in the textbook. (CSW, pages 212-217)

Absorption and adsorption are two post-combustion processes mist eliminator spray water inlet for combustion gases gas outlet drain Absorption Adsorption inlet for combustion gases gas outlet stationary sorbent bed First visual for the body’s third main category--in essence, this visual maps the two methods in this category of methods.(CSW, pages 212-217)

Absorption removes SO2 by washing the exhaust gas after combustion gas outlet • 90–95% removal of SO2 • high capital costs • increased operating costs • large amounts of water needed • disposal problem for sludge mist eliminator spray water Second visual for body’s third main category. Notice the sentence headline. Notice also the images and results in the body. (CSW, pages 212-217) inlet for combustion gases drain

Adsorption removes sulfur dioxide with a stationary sorbent bed inlet for combustion gases gas outlet • 80% removal of SO2 • high capital costs • no need for water • increased operating costs Third visual for body’s third main category. Notice the sentence headline. Notice also the images and results in the body. (CSW, pages 212-217)

Percentage Reduction of SO2 By using these methods, coal utilities can greatly reduce SO2 emissions coal cleaning coal switching fluidized bed absorption adsorption 40% 40% 80% 90% 95% Conclusion visual for the presentation. This visual summarizes the most important result--namely, the effectiveness of each at removing sulfur dioxides. Notice, though, that the speaker has the opportunity to give a future perspective in the speech by discussing other criteria for deciding upon these methods and discussing which of the these methods might easily be used in combinations with the others. (CSW, pages 212-217) 80% 25 50 75 Percentage Reduction of SO2