Project approach Programme- based approach Macroeconomic approach Results and accountabilities Donor collaborationProgram-wide.Macroeconomic policy reforms and economic adjustment. Targeting or earmarking of funds May involve fairly detailed targeting of funds in the pursuit of project objectives May still involve targeting, but the intent is to move away from project targeting towards program targeting. Funds are often not targeted Local ownership and division of responsibilities Projects may have a high degree of local ownership, or they may not, but most involve a high level of donor control. PBAs emphasize the importance of local ownership, but include a role for donors at the program level. Local ownership often limited Donor collaborationLimited donor coordination PBAs seek donor coordination and the harmonization of donor procedures under host- country leadership. Moderate to high level of donor collaboration

Implicit human rights work Human rights projects Human rights dialogue Human rights mainstreaming Human rights- based approaches Agencies may not explicitly work on human rights issues and prefer to use other descriptors (‘protection’, ‘empowerment’ or general ‘good governance’ label). The goal, content and approach can be related to other explicit forms of human rights integration rather than ‘repackaging’ Projects or programmes directly targeted at the realisation of specific rights (e.g. freedom of expression), specific groups (e.g. children), or in support of human rights organisations (e.g. in civil society). Foreign policy and aid dialogues include human rights issues, sometimes linked to conditionalities. Aid modalities and volumes may be affected in cases of significant human rights violations Efforts to ensure that human rights are integrated into all sectors of existing aid interventions (e.g. water, education). This may include ‘do no harm’ aspects Human rights considered constitutive of the goal of development, leading to a new approach to aid and requiring institutional changes

A pattern of rights- holders and duty- bearers Moral and legal aspect Desirable outcome through a legitimate process Development effectiveness Monitoring system by international community National monitoring of both outcomes and processes Right-holders awareness Resources maximized for rights Right v. privilege Trade-offs Accountability of duty-bearers Equality of opportunities, results