Strategies LLC Taxonomy Sept. 30, 2008Copyright 2008 Taxonomy Strategies LLC. All rights reserved. Co-Evolution of the Dublin Core and the Semantic Web JPL Summer Series on Information Architecture September 30, 2008

2 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information Agenda v About the Speaker v Introduction to the Dublin Core v Co-Evolution of the Dublin Core and the Semantic Web Timeline Communities v Use of the Dublin Core In the NASA Taxonomy In a Client Engagement v Current DCMI Activities and Directions

3 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information About the Speaker: Ron Daniel, Jr. v Over 15 years in the business of metadata & automatic classification Principal, Taxonomy Strategies Standards Architect, Interwoven Senior Information Scientist, Metacode Technologies (acquired by Interwoven, November 2000) Technical Staff Member, Los Alamos National Laboratory v Metadata and taxonomies community leadership. Chair, PRISM (Publishers Requirements for Industry Standard Metadata) working group Acting chair, XML Linking working group Member, RDF working groups Co-editor, PRISM, XPointer, 3 IETF RFCs, and Dublin Core 1 & 2 reports.

4 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information Agenda v About the Speaker v Introduction to the Dublin Core v Co-Evolution of the Dublin Core and the Semantic Web Timeline Communities v Use of the Dublin Core In the NASA Taxonomy In a Client Engagement v Current DCMI Activities and Directions

5 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information Dublin Core: A little more complicated over time Elements 1.Identifier 2.Title 3.Creator 4.Contributor 5.Publisher 6.Subject 7.Description 8.Coverage 9.Format 10.Type 11.Date 12.Relation 13.Source 14.Rights 15.Language Abstract Access rights Alternative Audience Available Bibliographic citation Conforms to Created Date accepted Date copyrighted Date submitted Education level Extent Has format Has part Has version Is format of Is part of Is referenced by Is replaced by Is required by Issued Is version of License Mediator Medium Modified Provenance References Replaces Requires Rights holder Spatial Table of contents Temporal Valid Refinements Box DCMIType DDC IMT ISO3166 ISO639-2 LCC LCSH MESH Period Point RFC1766 RFC3066 TGN UDC URI W3CTDF Encodings Collection Dataset Event Image Interactive Resource Moving Image Physical Object Service Software Sound Still Image Text Types

6 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information Dublin Core: Even more complicated over time Classes Agent, AgentClass BibliographicResource FileFormat Frequency Jurisdiction LicenseDocument LinguisticSystem Location LocationPeriodOrJurisdiction MediaType MediaTypeOrExtent MethodOfAccrual MethodOfInstruction PeriodOfTime PhysicalMedium PhysicalResource Policy ProvenanceStatement RightsStatement SizeOrDuration Standard Abstract Access rights Accrual Method Accrual Periodicity Accrual Policy Alternative Audience Available Bibliographic citation Conforms to Contributor Created Creator Coverage Date Date accepted Date copyrighted Date submitted Description Education level Extent Format Has format Has part Has version Identifier Instructional Method Is format of Is part of Is referenced by Is replaced by Is required by Issued Is version of Language License Mediator Medium Modified Provenance Oublisher References Relation Replaces Requires Rights Rights holder Source Spatial Subject Table of contents Temporal Title Type Valid Elements Collection Dataset Event Image Interactive Resource Moving Image Physical Object Service Software Sound Still Image Text Types DCMIType DDC IMT LCC LCSH MESH NLM TGN UDC Box ISO3166 ISO639-2 ISO639-3 Period Point RFC1766 RFC3066 URI W3CTDF Encodings

7 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information Current Efforts in the DCMI v New Elements and Vocabularies? Very few. DCMI is pushing mixed vocabulary approaches. v Application Profiles Collection Description, Education, Government, Libraries, … v Singapore Framework Defines a set of descriptive components that are necessary or useful for documenting an Application Profile. Describes how these documentary standards relate to standard domain models and Semantic Web foundation standards. v Abstract Model

8 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information DCMI Abstract Model v An information model which is independent of any particular encoding syntax. Facilitates the development of better mappings and cross-syntax translations. v Composed of three main parts Resource Model Description Set Model Vocabulary Model v Strong basis on RDF. Resource Model Vocabulary Model

9 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information Agenda v About the Speaker v Introduction to the Dublin Core v Co-Evolution of the Dublin Core and the Semantic Web Timeline Communities v Use of the Dublin Core In the NASA Taxonomy In a Client Engagement v Current DCMI Activities and Directions

10 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information Co-Evolution Timeline Dublin Core Second WWW Conference (Chicago) OCLC/NCSA Metadata Workshop; First DC Report First RDF working draft released RDF Model and Syntax Specification as W3C Rec. RDF Schema Specification as Candidate Rec. RDF Schema, RDF Concepts and Abstract Syntax, OWL Specifications as RECs RDF Core WG, WebONT WG formed GRDDL REC SPARQL RECs Warwick Framework; Second DC Report Dublin Core Metadata Element Set 1.0 Dublin Core Qualifiers DCMI Abstract Model, Guidelines for Encoding Bibliographic Citation Information in DC Metadata Expressing DC Metadata using RDF DCMI Terms, DCMI Type Vocabulary, Expressing DC in HTML/XHTML. Semantic Web Encoding Dublin Core in HTML Shift to Application Profiles and away from more elements.

11 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information Communities within the DCMI v The participants at the OCLC/NCSA Metadata Workshop were geeks, freaks, and the people in sensible shoes Web and Internet Engineering Task Force particpants SGML practitioners Librarians and Library Standards participants v Multiple formats have always been an issue IAFA templates, HTML, dot-kludge, XML, RDF, … v DCMI has NEVER been a standards body for leading–edge technology Mix of participants with strong representation from libraries and technologists Provides a place to try out technologies on information problems Has conservative and liberal wings – Conservatives tend to the basic 15 elements – Liberals tend to the Abstract Model, Singapore Framework, etc. v Semantic Web technology is not a good fit with the librarian culture Explained blank nodes to someone off the street lately? You dont have to be an automotive engineer to drive a car – Tom Baker

12 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information Agenda v About the Speaker v Introduction to the Dublin Core v Co-Evolution of the Dublin Core and the Semantic Web Timeline Communities v Use of the Dublin Core In the NASA Taxonomy In a Client Engagement v Current DCMI Activities and Directions

13 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information NASA Taxonomy: Metadata Specification Field Name Element Name and Namespace Titledc:title Creatordc:creator Creator Affiliationdc:creator.affiliation Subjectdc:subject Descriptiondc:description Publisherdc:publisher Datedc:date Typedc:type Formatdc:format Identifierdc:identifier Coveragedc:coverage Field Name Element Name and Namespace Audiencedcterms:audience Access Controlsdcterms:accessControls Languagedc:language Rightsdc:rights Missions and Projectsnasa:missionsProjects Workforce Competencies nasa:workforceCompetencies Instrumentsnasa:instruments Business Purposenasa:businessPurpose Work Breakdown Structure nasa:workBreakdownStructure Keywordsnasa:keywords Bold fieldnames are from Dublin Core or DC Terms

14 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information NASA Taxonomy: Instruments Vocabulary Sample <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf=' xmlns:rdfs=' xmlns:skos=' xmlns:nt2=' xmlns:dcterms=' xmlns:dc=' Cameras Approved Descriptor …

15 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information NASA taxonomy demo Technology: Siderean Shows distribution of entire collection across taxonomy facets. Multiple resources from heterogeneous sources are searched as single collection Shows top categories in ascending order Click on arrows to re-sort by frequency, or switch to descending order Search collection

16 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information NASA taxonomy demo: Search on Rover Refine search results Re-sort search results Click to see source document Click to refine search by subject Click to refine search by collection More filters More filters based on this result

17 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information Agenda v About the Speaker v Introduction to the Dublin Core v Co-Evolution of the Dublin Core and the Semantic Web Timeline Communities v Use of the Dublin Core In the NASA Taxonomy In a Client Engagement v Current DCMI Activities and Directions

18 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information Use of Dublin Core and DC Terms in a Client Metadata Specification Field Near Equivalent id identifier url identifier bytecount accessControl access rights title briefTitle headline subhead description thumbnail format language type topic subject Field Near Equivalent audience coverage.ward coverage coverage.neighborhood coverage publisher publisherType contributor keywords date date.reviewed date accepted date.nextReview date date.lastModified date submitted date.embargoed date

19 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information Agenda v About the Speaker v Introduction to the Dublin Core v Co-Evolution of the Dublin Core and the Semantic Web Timeline Communities v Use of the Dublin Core In the NASA Taxonomy In a Client Engagement v Current DCMI Activities and Directions

20 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information DCMI Recent Activity v The future direction of the DCMI will emphasize: Mixed-vocabulary use of the Dublin Core elements (initial 15 plus additions). The maintenance of the standards. The support of the community around those standards. v DCMI Berlin conference has just concluded Levels of Interoperation – Level 1: Shared natural language definitions – Level 2: Common semantic model (RDF) – Level 3: Shared notion of description sets – Level 4: Shared use of constraints and functional requirements RDA (Resource Description and Access) – Possible successor to Anglo- American Cataloging Rules (AACR). – Builds on FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) – Some are pushing for this to be expressed in RDF. – Lots of testing needed What will follow the MARC format and the AACR?

21 Taxonomy Strategies LLC The business of organized information Predicted Directions v DCMI will continue to investigate Semantic Technologies, make them more accessible to the library community, and have some requirements and testing input to the Semantic Web. DCMI will continue to display multiple personalities. Dealing with multiple formats will remain important. Mappings from fields in various systems will continue to limit sophistication of solutions. v Some DCMI participants will drive towards more sophisticated information applications, e.g. Library of Congress Subject Headings published in SKOS Research into areas such as RDA (described earlier).

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