phenomenological course.

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Presentation transcript:

phenomenological course. 0302463 Nuclear Physics http://nuclear.bau.edu.jo/ju/ju-nuclear-undergrad or http://nuclear.dababneh.com/ju/ju-nuclear-undergrad Before we start, let us tackle the following: Why nuclear physics? Why radiation physics? Why in Jordan? Interdisciplinary. Applied. This is a phenomenological course. General Course Content Nuclear properties. Binding energy and nuclear stability. Spin, parity and moments. Nuclear forces. The structure of the nucleus. Nuclear models. Radioactive decays. Nuclear reactions: energetics and general cross-section behavior. Nuclear Physics, JU, Second Semester, 2010-2011 (Saed Dababneh).

Nuclear Physics, JU, Second Semester, 2010-2011 Grading First Exam 25% Second Exam 25% Quizzes and HWs 10% Final Exam 40% Homeworks are due after one week unless otherwise announced. Remarks or questions marked in red without being announced as homeworks should be also seriously considered! Some tasks can (or should) be sent by email. Nuclear Physics, JU, Second Semester, 2010-2011 (Saed Dababneh).

Nuclear Physics, JU, Second Semester, 2010-2011 Scales Dimensional scale: Order of magnitude of 1 x 10-15 m  1 femtometer  1 fm  1 fermi. Too small for direct investigation. Time scale: 10-20 s to millions of years. Energy scale: MeV Mass: Unified atomic mass unit u based on 12C. Replaced both physical and chemical amu based on 16O and natural oxygen, respectively (Find conversion factors). Nuclear Physics, JU, Second Semester, 2010-2011 (Saed Dababneh).

Nuclear Physics, JU, Second Semester, 2010-2011 Scales 1 u = M(12C)/12 = ……… kg = …………… MeV/c2. Rest masses u MeV/c2 kg electron ………… …………… ……… proton ………… …………… ……… neutron ………… …………… ……… 12C 12 …………… ……… Atomic masses: http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=&all=all&ascii=ascii&isotype=all Constants: http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/index.html Nuclear Physics, JU, Second Semester, 2010-2011 (Saed Dababneh).

Nuclear Physics, JU, Second Semester, 2010-2011 Nomenclature Chart of Nuclides http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/ Element vs. Nuclide. >90 natural chemical elements, total > 100. Element  Atomic number (Z)  chemically identical. ~3000 nuclides……? How many are stable? Same Z but different neutron number (N)  Isotopes. Total number of nucleons = Z+N = A  mass number. Radioactive Stable Radioactive redundant Same mass number  Isobars  chemically dissimilar, parallel nuclear features (Radius …).  decay. Same neutron number  Isotones. Same Z and same A  Isomers  metastable. Stable isotope  (Isotopic) Abundance. Radioactive isotope  Half-life. Nuclear Physics, JU, Second Semester, 2010-2011 (Saed Dababneh).

Nuclear Physics, JU, Second Semester, 2010-2011 Stable Nuclides HW 1 Odd A Even A Nuclide N Z Then plot Z vs. N. Odd A Even A Nuclear Physics, JU, Second Semester, 2010-2011 (Saed Dababneh).

Nuclear Physics, JU, Second Semester, 2010-2011 Basic Calculations The energy of the nucleon in the nucleus is in the order of 10 MeV. HW 2 Calculate the velocity of a 10 MeV proton and show that it is almost 15% of the speed of light. (Perform both classical and relativistic calculations). Relativistic effects are not important in considering the motion of nucleons in the nucleus. HW 3 Calculate the wavelength of a 10 MeV proton. Compare it to the nuclear scale. HW 4 Calculate the wavelength for an electron of the same energy to show that it is much too large to be within the nucleus. Read the proton-electron nuclear hypothesis! (Page 4) Chadwick, neutron. Nuclear Physics, JU, Second Semester, 2010-2011 (Saed Dababneh).