Conservation of Energy

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Energy Unit Adapted from Motion, Forces, and Energy textbook Copyright 1997 Prentice-Hall Inc.

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Presentation transcript:

Conservation of Energy Mr. Wofford- 8th Grade Physical Science

What is Energy? Energy is capacity to do work.

Energy and Joule The international measurement system for energy is named "Système International d'Unités" (french abbreviation: SI). The international recognized unit for energy is the Joule (J), named after James Joule. He was the scientist who for the first time demonstrated the rule that work can be converted into heat.

Energy Any form of energy can be transformed into another form. The process of energy transformation is also known as energy conversion. Energy doesn't disappear - just changes the forms. Energy transformation is the process of changing energy from one form to another. This process is happening all the time.

Law of conservation of energy States that energy can change form, but it cannot be created or destroyed. That means the total amount of energy stays the always the same.

Types of Energy Kinetic energy is the motion. Potential energy is the stored energy.

Changing Forms of Energy Energy is most noticeable as it transforms from one type to another.

Changing forms of Energy An example of transforming chemical energy is a car engine. Chemical potential energy in gasoline is transformed into kinetic energy of the car as it moves!!

KE and PE In many situations, there is a conversion between potential and kinetic energy. The total amount of potential and kinetic energy in a system is called the mechanical energy Mechanical energy = PE + KE

Mechanical Energy Mechanical energy is due to the position and motion of the object.

Mechanical Energy As the apple falls to the ground, its height decreases. Therefore, its Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) decreases. The potential energy is not lost… it is converted into kinetic energy as the velocity of the apple increases. What happens to the mechanical energy?

Mechanical Energy THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF ENERGY STAYS THE SAME! The mechanical energy does not change because the loss in potential energy is simply transferred into kinetic energy. The energy in the system remains constant!! THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF ENERGY STAYS THE SAME!

Swinging Along Think about the changes in energy when you are on a swing… At what point do you have the most potential energy? At what point do you have the most kinetic energy? What happens to the mechanical energy?

The Law of Conservation of Energy The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. The big picture… the total energy in the universe remains constant.

Conservation of Energy You need to remember friction… As you slow down on the swing, the hooks and the chain rub against each other and air pushes against the rider. The energy is still there, just in a different form!!

Conservation of Energy Energy is transformed… not destroyed!! THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF ENERGY STAYS THE SAME!

Energy in Your Body Even the energy converted in your body follows the law of conservation of energy. Chemical potential energy is transferred to kinetic energy that allows your body to move!!