World War II April 5, 2010 1939-1945

Major Dates September 1, 1939 Germany invades Poland – Start of War Britain and France declare war on Germany December 7, 1941 Japan bombs Pearl Harbor – USA enters war May 1945 Germany Surrenders September 1945 Japan Surrenders April 5, 2010

Who Allies Axis Germany Italy Japan Great Britain Hitler U.S.A. Churchill U.S.A. F.D.R. and Truman USSR Stalin France Surrendered to Germany- 1940 Germany Hitler Italy Mussolini Japan Tojo April 5, 2010

Why World War II ? Treaty of Versailles land lost Reparations Germany becomes bankrupt World Wide Depression Germany’s debt increases scapegoats are created Rise of Totalitarian Regions Fascism (Spain, Germany, Italy) Communism (USSR) Military Dictatorship (Japan) April 5, 2010

Why World War II ? Isolationism U.S.A. Great Depression Perceptions of World War I Pacifism Appeasement Began with Japan Manchuria Italy Ethiopia (Haile Salessie) League of Nations=Sanctions Germany Sudetenland Munich Conference April 5, 2010

What About Hitler ? Weimer Republic thought to be decadent and weak Great Depression provided solutions scapegoats Kristalhacht Fascism (military government based on racism and nationalism with strong support of business) April 5, 2010

What About Hitler ? Continued… Hitler Wanted Lebensraum (Return Germany) Annexed Austria – 1938 Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) Munich Conference (appeasement) Nonaggression Pact/Nazi-Soviet Pact with USSR – gets half of Poland April 5, 2010

World War II April 8, 2010 German Aggression

Spanish Civil War 1936–Nationalists vs. Republicans (Fascists) (Communists) Guerica (Spanish City) (Practice for Germany) Luftwaffe terror bombing 1,654 people killed Francisco Franco becomes leader of Spain April 8, 2010

Anti Commintern Pact 1936 – Germany and Japan fight Communism April 8, 2010

Nazi-Soviet Pact - 1939 Nonaggression Pact – split Poland Germany – Fascists (extreme nationalism) USSR – Communism (international change and classless society) Shocked Europe Hitler used communism as excuse: Build up military Enter Rhinland Anticommintern Pact April 8, 2010

World War II Begins September 1, 1939 – Germany attacks Poland Blitzkrieg 1st planes = panic 2nd tanks 3rd foot soldiers 1940 Germany goes through: Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium April 8, 2010

World War II Begins Continued… Germany attacks France through mountains Dunkirk 300,000 rescued June 22, 1940 – France Surrenders Vichy Government established Germany Puppet Battle of Britain August – October 1940 Goal = destroy Britain’s air force “London Blitz” New technology saved Britain Failure called off in 1941 April 8, 2010

World War II Begins Continued… Hitler went after USSR “Operation Babarossa” June 1941 – USSR attacked 3 million German troops USSR was no match Germans couldn’t withstand the Russian winter April 8, 2010

World War II April 12, 2010 Allies Respond

U.S.A. Reaction Neutrality Acts Forbade sale of arms with any country at war Pacifism Opposition to all war Land – Lease Act Gave aid to Allies Atlantic Charter Issued by FDR and Churchill Set goals for war April 12, 2010

Japan Attacks – December 7, 1941 Why? U.S.A. banned sale of oil because of Japan’s aggressive behavior towards Indo China December 8, 1941 U.S.A. declares war on Japan December 11, 1941 Germany, Italy, and Japan declare war on U.S.A. April 12, 2010

Battle of the Atlantic Why? supplies Major Battles Coral Sea May 1942 = North East coast of Australia U.S.A. stops Japan’s advancement Midway June 1942 – island in the middle of the Pacific America’s Military Base U.S. broke Japan’s code U.S. destroyed 4 Japanese carriers April 12, 2010

Battle of the Atlantic Continued… Guadalcanal August 1942 - February 1943 = Solomon Islands Island hopping (capture weak targets) Allies captured Solomon, Gilbert, Marshall, Caroline, and Mariana Islands Leyte Gulf October 1944 = Allies win Philippines April 12, 2010

Battle in Africa Suez Canal = oil supplies from Middle East El Alamein = Egypt 1940-1943 Allies win because Italy was weak and Germans lacked supplies moved north to Italy April 12, 2010

U.S.S.R. Siege of Leningrad German blockaded 1 million Soviets starved Stalingrad = Volga River = 1942 City produced weapons Ports shipped grain and oil Stalin “hold at all coasts” Germans defeated and surrounded by Soviets Beginning of German failure April 12, 2010

World War II April 14, 2010 End of World War II

War Ends in Europe 1943 = Stalingrad Soviets push back Germans June 6, 1944 = D-Day Allies invaded France Secured Normandy Beach December 1944 = Battle of Bulge German counterattacked in Belgium Pushed back Allies (“Bulge”) January 1945 = Allies win Allies race to Berlin Soviets get there in April April 14, 2010

War Ends in Europe Continued… April 28, 1945 Mussolini was executed by his people (Italians) May 2, 1945 Hitler found dead May 7, 1945 V-E Day (Victory in Europe) Allies win war over in Europe April 14, 2010

War Ends in the Pacific February 1945 = Iwo Jima 750 miles south of Japan 7,000 Americans dead 20,000 Japanese dead Month long battle Battle of Okinawa 350 miles from Japan 12,000 Americans dead 100,000 Japanese dead Atomic Bomb Used energy by splitting atoms Began in 1939 – tested July 1945 April 14, 2010

War Ends in the Pacific Continued… May 1945 => FDR dies (Truman takes his place) July 26, 1945 => Allies demand that Japan surrenders August 6, 1945 => Hiroshima is bombed August 9, 1945 => Nagasaki is bombed August 15, 1945 => V-J Day (Victory over Japan) World War II now over in the Pacific April 14, 2010

Effects of World War II Atlantic Charter July 1941 => FDR and Churchill Goals for war and peace Tehran, Iran November 1943 => FDR, Churchill, and Stalin Planned D-Day and future peace Yalta Conference Goal = Postwar Europe Created United Nations June 1945 => United Nations charter signed June 1945 => Potsdam Conference U.S.A. and USSR become world powers Conflict = Cold War April 14, 2010