MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS SULTANETE OF OMAN DR.SAMAH AL-SHARIF HEAD OF VETERINARY QUARANTINE SECTION AT MUSCAT INT. AIRPORT THE REGIONAL SEMINARFOR OIE NATIONAL FOCALPOINTS ON ANIMAL PRODUCTION FOOD SAFETY JAN 2014 SULTANETE OF OMAN MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES

Over view THE REGIONAL SEMINARFOR OIE NATIONAL FOCALPOINTS ON ANIMAL PRODUCTION FOOD SAFETY JAN 2014  Introduction.  Epidemiology.  Control of TB in humans in Oman. - TB control program.  Control of TB in Animals in Oman. - TB control program.

Introduction THE REGIONAL SEMINARFOR OIE NATIONAL FOCALPOINTS ON ANIMAL PRODUCTION FOOD SAFETY JAN 2014 The Government of sultanate of Oman since the early years of the renaissance give the health status and food safety of the country its most important priorities. So they established hospitals, health centers and veterinary clinics and quarantines. And sets the degrees and laws governing these facilities.

Epidemiology THE REGIONAL SEMINARFOR OIE NATIONAL FOCALPOINTS ON ANIMAL PRODUCTION FOOD SAFETY JAN 2014

Control ofTBinHuman Control of TB in Human THE REGIONAL SEMINARFOR OIE NATIONAL FOCALPOINTS ON ANIMAL PRODUCTION FOOD SAFETY JAN 2014 National Tuberculosis Program (NTP) in Oman was initiated in Since then there is decrease in TB cases (all forms) from 928 in 1981 to 213 in The rate of sputum positive TB cases decreased from 21/100,000 in 1981 to 4.29/100,000 in 2010

TB ControlProgram TB Control Program THE REGIONAL SEMINARFOR OIE NATIONAL FOCALPOINTS ON ANIMAL PRODUCTION FOOD SAFETY JAN Structure:  The program manager sits in the Ministry of Health.  He operates with assistance of Regional TB Focal Points who are assisted by TB focal points in each primary health care center.  The regional epidemiologist monitors the disease activity at regional level.

2.Activities&Achievements 2.Activities & Achievements THE REGIONAL SEMINARFOR OIE NATIONAL FOCALPOINTS ON ANIMAL PRODUCTION FOOD SAFETY JAN 2014  The TBCP is implemented through a system of monthly reporting of disease diagnosis, treatment, contact screening and Latent TB treatment.  The program established and expanded as follows: 1.Central TB registry (1981), 2.Multi-drug (MDR) regimen established (1982), 3.Short Course Chemotherapy (1995), 4.DOTS all over Oman and TB Quality control activities (1996), 5.MDR surveillance (1998), 6.INH Preventive Therapy in children < 6 years (1998), 7.Treatment of LTBI in close contacts (2006), Fixed Drug Combination, 8.Genotyping of TB strains (2008)

3.FUTURE 3.FUTURE: THE REGIONAL SEMINARFOR OIE NATIONAL FOCALPOINTS ON ANIMAL PRODUCTION FOOD SAFETY JAN 2014  Electronic Nominal Registration System (ENRS) is introduced by WHO for the recording and reporting of all National TB activities. Oman aims to progressively introduce this system in all its regions over the next 5 years.  The private health sector is rapidly expanding in Oman. This sector caters for non-nationals working in private business sector but also for Omanis. It is the aim of the National TB Control Program to full involve this sector in the National TB Control Program activities.  In order to decrease the rate of transmission of TB to minimum, molecular epidemiology will be undertaken to fully understand the pattern of transmission of TB in the country.  In order to rapidly diagnose TB and resistance, it is under consideration to introduce molecular diagnostic techniques ).

Control ofTBinAnimals Control of TB in Animals THE REGIONAL SEMINARFOR OIE NATIONAL FOCALPOINTS ON ANIMAL PRODUCTION FOOD SAFETY JAN 2014  Surveillance of TB in animal herds: Zoonotic disease comity managed by DG of animal wealth department (Ministry of agriculture &fisheries): 1.operates with assistance of regional endemic disease focal points who are assisted by veterinary doctors in the regional veterinary clinics which monitoring the farms and monthly reporting of disease diagnosis by regularly sending samples to the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory( CVRL), treatment, contact screening and Latent TB treatment 2. In 2013, the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory ( CVRL) received 200 samples submitted for mycobacterium spp., and results was found negative.

THE REGIONAL SEMINARFOR OIE NATIONAL FOCALPOINTS ON ANIMAL PRODUCTION FOOD SAFETY JAN 2014 Regional central slaughter houses (Ministry of Regional Municipalities &Water Resources: 1.Veterinary doctors and specialists monitoring the disease through post mortem examination of the slaughtered carcasses. 2.No. of animal slaughtered in 2013:- Slaughters surveillance Regional No of slaughtered animals CAMELSCATTELGOATSHEEP

THE REGIONAL SEMINARFOR OIE NATIONAL FOCALPOINTS ON ANIMAL PRODUCTION FOOD SAFETY JAN 2014 Veterinary quarantine at the all borders (Ministry of agriculture and fisheries) : 1.Veterinary doctors and specialists at the borders monitoring the disease by: - Applying the requirements of importation. - Inspect imported live animals and all animal products and by products. - continuously sending samples to: Central Veterinary Research Laboratory(CVRL) Central Health Laboratory (CHL)

THE REGIONAL SEMINARFOR OIE NATIONAL FOCALPOINTS ON ANIMAL PRODUCTION FOOD SAFETY JAN 2014  Prevention Precautions: Veterinary quarantine department sets specific requirements compatible with the recommendations of the OIE for importation of bovine spp for breading or immediate slaughtering purpose, and bovine products (meat – milk ), bovine embryos/ semen. Restrictions of animal movements between different regions according to regulations of ministerial law 12/2005. Continuous laboratory diagnosis of submitted suspected samples. Hygienic disposal of infected organs and carcasses. Increase population awareness programs.

THE REGIONAL SEMINARFOR OIE NATIONAL FOCALPOINTS ON ANIMAL PRODUCTION FOOD SAFETY JAN 2014

CHALLENGES Oman one of the consuming countries, import 90% of its food which make a challenge for the food safety authorities. Insufficient population awareness of TB disease. Insufficient of veterinary diagnostic service capability comparatively with the increasing of animal population.

Future THE REGIONAL SEMINARFOR OIE NATIONAL FOCALPOINTS ON ANIMAL PRODUCTION FOOD SAFETY JAN )Trying to strengthen import restrictions to control movement of animals and animal products from countries in which Bovine Tuberculosis is known to exist. 2)Improvement of animal health infrastructure required for controlling and preventing Bovine Tuberculosis. 3)Increasing veterinarians and related technical support staff to implement adequate surveillance and control of the disease. 4)Increasing laboratory capability to diagnose Bovine Tuberculosis. 5)Trying to apply a surveillance to detect Bovine Tuberculosis through slaughter monitoring and/or tuberculin testing if it were present and identification the epidemiological situation. 6)Apply animal identification system to trace the herd of origin of any reactor to a tuberculin test to recognized additional at-risk animals and/or herds and testing them. 7)Increasing awareness about food safety and Bovine Tuberculosis with encouraging farmers to cooperate by presenting their animals for testing. 8)Trying to intensify the legal authority.

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