Zoning/Regionalization -Surveillance, Early Warning & Rapid Containment- Pacific Heads of Veterinary & Animal Production Services (PHOVAPS) Nadi, Fiji 28 July – 3 August 2007 T. Fujita OIE Regional Representative for Asia and the Pacific

Contents What is OIE? Why emerging/TADs? Lessons learnt and Needs on Preparedness for TADs control Needs of International Standards and Regional coordination Zoning/Regionalization for disease control (Concept and practices)

OIE at a glance World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) an intergovernmental organisation founded in 1924 by 28 countries predates the UN 169 Member Countries (including Fiji, 2007) headquarters in Paris 5 Regional Representations in the world RR for Asia and the Pacific, in Tokyo, Japan and its Branch Office in Bangkok, Thailand)

Objectives of OIE 1. To ensure transparency in the global animal disease situation. 2．　To collect, analyse and disseminate scientific veterinary information. 3. To contribute expertise and encourage international solidarity in the control of animal diseases. 4. Within its mandate under the WTO-SPS Agreement, to safeguard world trade by publishing health standards for international trade in animals and animal products. 5. To improve the legal framework and resources of National Veterinary Services. 6. To provide a better guarantee of the safety of food of animal origin and to promote animal welfare through a science-based approach

Why Emerging/Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs)? Globalization/borderless erra – increase of Traveling, International Trade (including unrestricted trade of animals; both domestic and wild, and animal products) Expansion of Human Population; esp. into areas not previously inhabited Environmental Changes <vectors> Changes of Farming Systems Microbiological Adaptation <HPAI> Restructuring Consumerism Improvement of Diagnostic capability Others

Socio-economic Impacts of Emerging Diseases/TADs Strong negative impacts on animal productivity and Economic losses Threats to human health <Zoonoses> Food safety and Consumers’ concerns and confidence in food <Zoonoses> Loss of trading opportunities Increased uncertainty on stability of production management Socio-economic confusion

International Standards and Scientific Justificaion Need for International Standards OIE Standards (Code and Manual, etc.) WTO-SPC Agreement for International trade OIE as the International Standards Setting Organization Responsibility of Individual countries; a health measure to be based on a Risk Analysis (scientific justification)

OIE Standards for Terrestrial Animals Terrestrial Animal Health Code (International Standards) Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals (Internationally agreed lab. tests and vaccine production)

Spread from Asia to Europe, Middle East and Africa (unprecedented) <HPAI as an Example of TADｓ> HPAI situation in the world (July07) Spread from Asia to Europe, Middle East and Africa (unprecedented) Over 240 million poultry died or culled Control measures largely successful to reduce occurrences Indonesia, Egypt and Nigeria China, Vietnam, Thailand, etc. in Asia India, Japan, RO Korea, Myanmar, etc. in Asia

Lessons learnt and Needs for Preparedness and Appropriate Responses Recognition of Nature of Increasing Emerging diseases/TADs –borderless 2. Strengthening Veterinary Services for effective and challenging measures to control Emerging diseases/TADs at Source 3. Transparent and timely notification of animal disease occurrences and animal health information by a country– for country itself (disease control and credibility) and for neighboring and trade partners (preparedness)

4. Strengthening relationship between trading partners 5. Strengthen linkages and collaboration between animal health and public health authorities (zoonoses, to reduce health risks in humans and animals) Enhance National and Regional/International collaboration for capacity building of Veterinary Services in *diagnosis and surveillance for rapid detection, *setting-up epidemiological networks for detecting, *developing early warning systems *organizing control measures for the effectiveness of domestic programmes (Early response) 7. Strengthen animal health infrastructure; e.g. Laboratories, Technologies, Communication links with stakeholders, etc.

Disease Control Measures Disease identification (at farm, Laboratory diagnosis, Surveillance, etc.) Transparent and timely notification Animal (& animal products) Movement Control including Border control (International Trade) & Animal Traceability Country/Zoning/Compartmentalization Culling (Stamping out policy) including Animal Welfare Disinfection Vaccination, etc.

Background of GF-TADs The Global Framework for the progressive control of Transboundary Animal Diseases (GF-TADs) A joint FAO/OIE initiative combining the strengths of both the organizations to achieve common objectives Facilitate mechanism to empower Regional alliances in the fight against Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs) Provide for capacity building and assist in establishing programmes for the specific control of certain TADs based on Regional priorities

GF-TADs for Strengthen Regional Mechanisms Regional Steering Committee (its Permanent Secretariat =OIE Tokyo, and 2nd Regional Meeting in Bangkok, July 2007 ) Regional capacity building, and enhancing the roles of regional/sub-regional networks for epidemiological and laboratory expertise (to provide reference services) Regional Support Units (RSUs); in ASEAN, SAARC and SPC countries

Priority Diseases and Responsible Countries (tentative) under GF-TADs Regional Programme Priority Diseases; HPAI, FMD, CSF, PPR for Asia and the Pacific ASEAN; RSU in Thailand SAARC; RSU in Nepal SPC; To be confirmed Nomination of Epidemiological network and Laboratory Networks

TADs Control Measures HPAI as an example Disease identification (at farm, Laboratory diagnosis, Surveillance, etc.) Animal (& animal products) Movement Control including Border control (International Trade) & Animal Traceability Country/Zoning/Compartmentalization Culling (Stamping out policy) including <Compensation, Carcass disposal, Animal Welfare> Disinfection Vaccination Bio-Security, International certificate for trade, etc.

Roles of Veterinary Services Veterinary Services considered as global public good A lot of important mission on animal health including Zoonoses Necessity to bring VSs into line with International Standards (in terms of legislation, structure, organisation, resources, capacities, the role of the private sector and paraprofessionals, etc.) Evaluation of Veterinary Services; on-going; with the Performance, Vision and Strategy (PVS) tool aimed at facilitating the process of evaluating national Veterinary Services

Regionalization/Zoning

Responsibility of Veterinary Authority; Background of Zoning Difficulty to establish/maintain a disease free status for an Entire Country (esp. national boundaries) Sub-population with a different animal health status, being separated Benefits to MCs Trading partners; recognize such the sub-population, establish parameters and gain agreement on the sanitary measures before disease outbreaks (An importing country; to be satisfied with animal health status in an exporting country) Responsibility of Veterinary Authority; Clearly define the sub-population and explain (certify) animal health status for the zone, to an importing county, and disease control within the country

Regionalization/Zoning Regionalization = Zoning under the OIE Code definition Zone/region means a clearly defined part of a country containing an animal subpopulation with a distinct health status with respect to a specific disease for which required surveillance, control and biosecurity measures have been applied for the purpose of international trade.

Zoning procedures Procedures implemented by a country to define animal sub-population of distinct health status within its territory (e.g. surveillance & monitoring) The extent of a zone, to be established - Using, (natural, artificial or legal boundaries) + (spatial consideration & good management practice) - Made public, Veterinary authority to document on the epidemiology, environmental factors and applicable biosecurity

Zoning procedures (cont’d) Importing countries to determine whether it may accept such an area as a zone; taking into account, an evaluation of the exporting country’s Veterinary Services the result of risk assessment, and its own animal health situation 2. A format Agreement defining the zone by the importing and exporting countries

Partnership for Zoning A partnership between ①government (Veterinary Authority) <to ensure implementation of the correct biosecurity practices> and ②relevant enterprise/industry <for management of the compartment in a biosecure manner>

Disease Free Zones Free zone means a zone in which the absence of the disease under consideration has been demonstrated by the requirements specified in the Terrestrial Code for free status being met. Within the zone and at its borders, appropriate official veterinary control is effectively applied for animals and animal products, and their transportation.

Some practices on Zoning approach FMD control campaign in Southeast Asia OIE SEAFMD Control Campaign (RCU based in Bangkok) for Zoning approach in Upper Mekong Sub-Region and Lower Mekong Sub-Region Working Groups for the two Sub-Regions

Working Groups of Animal Movement Management (Zoning Approach) in SE Asia Mekong Basin =Upper Mekong; Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand and Viet Nam, + Yunan, China =Lower Mekong; Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand, Viet Nam To progressively control FMD through effective Animal Movement Management and Zoning approach

Animal Movement Patterns Myanmar Laos Thailand Vietnam Animal Movement Patterns China 0 - 1 3 5 5 4 - 5 1-3 Cattle and Buffalo Movements Pig Movements 5 Perceived Risk

Example Criteria for NAI status determination of a ZONE (country or compartment) NAI status of a zone (country or compartment) can be determined … *Outcome of a Risk assessment identifying potential factors for Notifiable Avian Influenza (NAI) occurrence and their historical perspective *Notifiable in the whole country, On-going NAI awareness in place, *All suspected cases subjected to field and laboratory investigations *Appropriate surveillance in place to demonstrate the presence of infection in the absence of clinical signs in poutry

zones INFECTED ZONE FREE ZONE FREE ZONE major BUFFER road ZONE BUFFER railway river FREE ZONE

OIE Official “Disease Free Status” Introduction and procedures OIE compiling a list of MCs or Zones that are officially recognized as being free from certain diseases. A clear defined and impartial procedures necessary for declaring a MCs or their Zones free from a disease. Well-designed and science-based questionnaires developed. MC wishing to be declared as a disease free country/zones, to respond to OIE, with fulfilled questionnaires OIE Scientific Commission for Animal Diseases to review the submitted reports and to submit to the OIE International Committee for adoption The list available on the OIE web-site

Diseases specified for Free Status by OIE Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) Rinderpest Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) Bovine Spongiform Encephalitis (BSE)

Concept of Compartment Compartment; one or more establishments under a common biosecurity management system containing an animal sub-population with a　distinct health status, requirements for surveillance, control and biosecurity measures applied for international trade.

Summary Increasing cases of TADs/Emerging Diseases Needs of International Standards for Animal Health based on scientifically proven facts (OIE Code, Manual, etc.) and Regional Coordination (GF-TADs as a mechanism) Disease Control measures including Zoning Approach WTO-SPS Agreement Transparent and timely notification of disease occurrences and preparedness

6. Veterinary Services as international public good; Capacity building of and Quality of Veterinary Services; Strengthen relevant infrastructures and sustainable (human and financial) resources, for Early detection and Rapid Response and strict implementation of legislation; -Evaluation of Veterinary Services 7. A more global/regional approach to implement Strategies of TADs

Thank you for your attention!! T. Fujita OIE Tokyo