Climate Change and Environmentally Sound Technology Transfer: Relevant Activities of UNESCAP Hongpeng Liu Environment and Sustainable Development Division United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) UNFCCC Workshop on best practices with conducting TNAs June 2007, Bangkok, Thailand

Outline of the presentation  About UNESCAP  Facts of the region  ESCAP Activities related to climate change  UCDM & publicly founded ESTs transfer

About UNESCAP  Regional Arm of UN Secretariat for Asia-Pacific  62 member governments  Hub for regional cooperation and coordination  Multidisciplinary capacity and services  Key priorities: Poverty reduction; managing globalization; and addressing emerging social issues

A Few Facts about the Region  3.8 billion people, 62% of the world ’ s population  Population density: 1.5 times the global average  AP developing economies accounting for more than one-third of global growth in 2006  2/3 of the world poor (670 million living on less than U$ 1 per day)  600 million people without safe drinking water  800 million people without access to electricity  GHG emission increased by about 30% for last decade  Average emission (per capital) of developing countries – up to 18 times lower than developed countries

Environment and Sustainable Development Programme  Mandated to promote Environmentally sustainable economic growth – Green Growth  Three subprogramme areas: Environment, Energy Resources, Sustainable Development and Water Resources  Working partners: Government ministries and agencies (economic policy, development and planning; environment, energy, water resources etc. ) Other UN and inter-governmental agencies, international and regional organizations, NGOs and private sectors

UNESCAP’s Activities Related to Climate Change  Promotion of a regional approach to achieving “climate-friendly and climate change-resilient society” Workshops and seminars  Providing assistance to Asian and Pacific developing countries in the global GHG emission reduction in connection with national and regional initiatives Guidebook Projects  Study and proposal of innovative mechanisms for future climate change regime Unilateral CDM & CER discounting scheme

CDM - Market Instrument Proved success with evolving experience Providing Annex I countries flexibility in meeting their KP commitments Stimulating investment to non-Annex I countries through CDM

CDM Concept Annex I country (Industrialized country) Obligation to reduce GHG Non Annex I country (Developing country) No Obligation to reduce GHG Finance + technology Carbon Credits / CERs Bilateral Activities

CDM in Reality Annex I country (Industrialized country) Obligation to reduce GHG Non Annex I country (Developing country) No Obligation to reduce GHG Finance (payment) Carbon Credits / CERs Buyer Seller

Unilateral CDM Concept  Non-Annex I countries initiate CDM projects with domestic financing or purchasing agreement with Annex I countries or intermediaries  Non-Annex I countries could take more active actions to control GHG emission with the income as incentive through selling CERs

UCDM – from an idea to a tool  proposed by Korea at COP 6 in Hague, 2000  officially approved in 23 April 2005 by CDM Executive Board when tested by the first UCDM Cuyamapa Hydro Project from Honduras.  Status of UCDM  As of 1 May 2007, about 1000 unilateral CDM out of 1885 CDM projects in the pipeline (from the validation stage) CountryNo. of CDM Project UCDM India China45479 Brazil Mexico15696 Malaysia487

Advantages of Unilateral CDM  More independent and small scale projects by host countries  Non-Annex 1 countries do not have to wait for investment from investors of Annex 1 countries  Uneven distribution of CDM could be balanced  Project risk born by Non-Annex 1 countries  Annex 1 countries: just BUY, not INVEST – less risks

Publicly Funded ESTs  The ESTs are held or owned by Governments and public institutions or results from publicly funded research and development

Publicly Funded ESTs + UCDM UCDM Projects Public Institutes ESTs Entity Share revenue of selling CERs will be the incentives to work together for TT Technology transfer + Finance Carbon credits / CERs

Promotion of Publicly Funded ESTs Transfer through UCDM  Objective – enhancing publicly funded ESTs transfer  Outcome – identifying opportunities and developing national strategies  Main activities Regional study focusing on publicly funded ESTs transfer and UCDM Case studies and best practices Results dissemination  Period:

Thank you for your attention! Contact Information Environment and Sustainable Development Division United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) The United Nations Building, Rajadamnern Nok Avenue Bangkok 10200, Thailand Tel: Fax: