SOLUTIONS

Solutions

Solutions - homogeneous systems

Which is the mixture? Which is the solution?

Solutions - homogeneous systems solutionmixture

Solutions - homogeneous systems What is the mixture? What is the solution?

Solutions 2 components : solute solvent

Solutions 2 components: solute solvent substance being dissolved substance in which solute is dissolved “VATER”

WHY is water such a good solvent??? What is the chemistry behind it?

H 2 O is a covalently bonded molecule H H O H H O + - &

H 2 O is a bonded molecule H H O H H O + - & Bonded COVALENTLY This is different than an IONIC BOND

This is water H 2 O)

The electrons are being shared by the three atoms

Covalent bonds SHARE electrons

BUT, WHAT do you notice, if anything, about the CHARGES…. Where are there more electrons???

The electrons are being shared by the three atoms UNEQUALLY + + -

We call this being a : POLAR molecule H H O H H O + - & Unequally charged sides of the molecule + + -

H 2 O is a POLAR molecule H H O H H O + - & Unequally charged sides of the molecule + + -

Oxygen is an electron HOG!!!

It acts as a magnet H H O

H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ This is a solution… water The water is the solvent… H + The extra H + is the solute… H+H+

OH - This is a solution… water The water is the solvent… OH - The extra OH - are the solute…

Solutions solute solvent substance being dissolved substance in which solute is dissolved “VATER”

Solutions solvent ACIDSBASES ACIDS & BASES measure the amount of hydronium ions(H + ) or hydroxide ions (OH - ) dissolved in a solution

H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ This is an ACIDIC solution STRONG water The water is the solvent… H + The extra H + is the solute…

H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ This is an ACIDIC solution weaker water The water is the solvent… H + The extra H + is the solute…

H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ This is an ACIDIC solution very weak water The water is the solvent… H + The extra H + is the solute…

OH - H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ This is a neutral solution… water The water is the solvent…

Note: this is NOT a REGUAR NUMBER LINE

sour tasting… hmmm TASTEBUD CONNECTION?

bitter tasting… hmmm TASTEBUD CONNECTION? * slippery

Note: this is NOT a REGUAR NUMBER LINE IT IS LOGARITHMIC

Logarithmic = a way to express EXPONENTS 1=100; 10=10 1 ; 100=10 2 ; 1,000=10 3 ; 1,000,000=10 6, etc. and 0.1=1/10=10 -1 ; 0.001=1/1,000=10 -3,

10X H + than in neutral 100X H + than in neutral 1000X H + than in neutr. 10,000X H + 100,000X H + 1,000,000X H + than in neutral 10,000,000X H + than in neutral

1/10X H + than in neutral 1/100X H + than in neutral 1/1,000X H + than in neutral 1/10,000X H + than in neutral 1/100,000X H + than in neutral 1/1,000,000X H + than in neutral 1/10,000,000X H + than in neutral

REMEMBER, this is NOT a simple number line…

* pH between * turns blue litmus paper RED * sour tasting… hmmm TASTEBUD CONNECTION?

* pH between * turns red litmus paper BLUE * bitter tasting… hmmm TASTEBUD CONNECTION? * slippery

Litmus paper Gives a Qualitative reading In an acid, blue litmus paper turns RED In an base, red litmus paper turns BLUE

Litmus paper

pH paper Gives a Qualitative reading

In this lab, you will use: Gives a Quantitative reading pH paper bluered Gives a Qualitative reading

Digital pH meter Insert into solution

Digital pH meter RINSE with distilled water to clean when you are finished testing each substance.