Syntax pt. 2 Ben Jenks, Patricia Heaton, Christos Alpos

Simple Sentences: Simple Sentences consist of one independent clause. Ex: Jane rebels. Jay Gatsby gives lavish parties.

Compound Sentences: Compound Sentences contain more than one independent clause. These clauses may be linked either by semicolon or by a coordinating conjunction, such as for, and, nor, or, but, yet, or so. Ex: Huck Finn outwits his ne’er-do-well father; he has to do that in order to survive.

Complex Sentence: The complex sentence contains not only an independent clause but also one or more subordinate clauses - a clause that lacks either a subject or a predicate and so cannot stand alone as a grammatical unit. A subordinate clause can precede or follow the independent clause in a sentence.

Complex Sentence cont’d. : Ex: When Romeo first meets Juliet, he falls instantly in love with her. Bold: subordinate clause. Italicized: independent clause.

Coordination: Links two or more words, phrases or clauses to give each one equal importance Common words used for coordination are, and, but, or, for, so Ex: “He is a relatively poor man, or he would not be a detective at all.”

Subordination Words, phrases or clauses that make one dependent on the other Ex: Because of her heart problem she was taken to the emergency room, for precaution, after her husband’s death

Complex Sentences: Complex Sentences use a form of linkage called subordination because it reflects the lesser importance of the dependant clause. Ex:After I came home, I made dinner. (dependent clause: "After I came home") (independent clause: I made dinner)

Parallelism: Making the elements in a series or in pairs of words, phrases, or clauses analogous in part of speech. Ex: The escaped criminal was wanted dead or alive.

Syntactical Order: Loose or cumulative sentences present the ideas in the order of subject-verb-object. Sentences written in English typically follow that order. Ex: She pointed out interesting details of the story.

Periodic Sentence: A periodic sentence is a sentence that is not complete in syntax or sense until its end. Ex: Positive thinking, by helping us stay focused and maintaining a good attitude, is important for a happy life.