Personal Interactions From Ed Batista: T-Groups, Feedback & Double-Loop Learning Slide 1 of 5 Results Most Interactions (Single-Loop) We bring a set of underlying assumptions to our interactions. We learn from the results, but we rarely challenge our assumptions. Unquestioned Assumptions

Better Results Questions To Challenge Our Assumptions T-Groups (Double-Loop) The feedback given and received in T-groups compels us to question our assumptions, which allows us to select more effective strategies. Strategies for More Effective Interactions Most Interactions (Single-Loop) We bring a set of underlying assumptions to our interactions. We learn from the results, but we rarely challenge our assumptions. From Ed Batista: T-Groups, Feedback & Double-Loop Learning Slide 2 of 5

Results Constrained by the accuracy of my assumptions. Unquestioned Assumptions I communicate my emotions effectively. Others appreciate my goal orientation & firm commitment. I speak concisely and at appropriate intervals. I recently participated in a T-group and received feedback that caused me to question some assumptions that affect how I interact with others. This process will allow me to make behavioral changes if I feel that theyre warranted. (Note that feedback clarifies the costs and benefits of our behaviors, and we should change if its in our interest to do so, not simply in response to the feedback.) Before My Recent T-Group From Ed Batista: T-Groups, Feedback & Double-Loop Learning Slide 3 of 5 Personal Interactions

Questioning My Assumptions Am I holding back an emotion that should be expressed? Am I putting a task ahead of someones concerns or feelings? Am I diluting my impact by using too many words or speaking too often? Resulting Strategies Express emotions more fully--get messier. Consider deferring a task in order to build a better relationship. Consider speaking more concisely and less frequently. Better Results More accurate assumptions, and a clearer understanding of causes. From Ed Batista: T-Groups, Feedback & Double-Loop Learning Slide 4 of 5 After My Recent T-Group

T-groups were first developed by Kurt Levin, and my involvement with them has been through the Interpersonal Dynamics class at the Stanford Graduate School of Business. For more information My comments on feedback are based on the work of David Bradford and Allan Cohen. For more information The concept of double-loop learning was developed by Chris Argyris, and Im indebted to Mark Smiths explication at Informal Education. For more information From Ed Batista: T-Groups, Feedback & Double-Loop Learning Slide 5 of 5 Acknowledgements