Historical Background

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Presentation transcript:

Historical Background A Gathering of Voices: The Literature of Early America (Beginnings to 1750) Historical Background

Native Americans Widely dispersed tribes Differed greatly in government, social organization, language, customs, housing, etc. Oral language only History studied through artifacts and songs, myths, legends

Native Americans Usually greeted early European settlers as friends Instructed new settlers on North American agriculture and woodcraft Introduced corn, beans, squash, maple sugar, snowshoes, toboggans, canoes Many more settlers would have perished without the aid of Native Americans

Pilgrims Mayflower sailed from England in 1620 Critical of Church of England Separatists also known as Pilgrims Settled in Plymouth, MA Small colony later engulfed by the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Puritans Founders of Massachusetts Bay Colony Wanted to reform the Church of England from within Goal=to establish a “city upon a hill”—a model community guided by the Bible

Puritan Beliefs Humans exist for the glory of God. Bible--the sole expression of God’s will. Predestination—God has already decided who will achieve salvation BUT salvation cannot be taken for granted Good can be accomplished only through hard work & self-discipline (the Puritan ethic)

Puritan Ideals Hard work Frugality Self-improvement Self-reliance

The Rise of the Protestant Movement Puritanism declined in early 1700’s More liberal Protestant churches gained a following Around 1720—Great Awakening—religious revival—converted many to Protestant denominations but did not revive Puritanism

The Southern Region Differed from New England in climate, crops, social organization, & religion Coastal cities and large plantations (not small farms)

Plantation Life Large scale agricultural enterprise Center of commerce Up to 1000 people might live/work on a single plantation First black slaves=1619 in Virginia (before the Mayflower landed) Plantation owners—members of Church of England

Plantation Life Plantation owners saw themselves as aristocrats Shared work ethic and ideals of Puritans in many ways Life was more social and elegant, however. 1750—Puritanism declining, plantation system peaking