Physical Ocean Videolab The Answers

Station 1: What are 2 ways the tide mobile is innacurate? Space Size

Why do most coastal areas experience 2 tides a day? High tide to high tide = 12 hours (due to Earth’s rotation) and 24 minutes (due to the moon’s orbit. at any point in time, two high tides are happening on the earth's surface: the direct tide on the side facing the moon and the indirect tide on the opposite side of the planet

New Moon: (Spring (largest Tide)

1st Quarter Moon: Neap (smallest) tide

Full Moon: Spring Tide, 3rd Quarter Moon: Neap Tide

How do you think Franklin got the data to make his map? Was it accurate? He used information collected from traveling ships and his cousin Timothy Folger, a Nantucket ship captain. Pretty good job!!

Ocean Currents

Surface Currents & Names Warm = RED Cold = BLUE

There are two main sections of ocean water: surface layer: the layer at the top of the ocean that is well mixed by waves, tides, and weather events like rain or a hurricane. The surface layer sits on top of the deep water because the surface layer is less dense. The depth of the surface layer varies depending on location and season, but the depth is typically a couple hundred meters. the deep waters. Surface water movement takes place in the form of currents. Currents move ocean water horizontally at the ocean's surface. Surface currents are driven mainly by the wind. Other forces such as the Coriolis effect and the location of land masses do affect surface current patterns. In fact, huge circular patterns called current gyres can be seen when looking at the world's ocean currents. From the equator to middle latitudes, the circular motion is clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern hemisphere. The Sun warms water at the equator and then water and heat are transported to higher latitudes.

Explain why Norway remains ice-free while Labrador, Canada is ice-bound in winter.

Current that warms Norway: North Atlantic Drift

Current that Cools Labrador: Labrador Current!!

Station 3: Effects of cold water? Effects of salty water? #4: Why is upwelling so important? cold, deep water contains nutrients and dissolved gases, that with sunlight, create favorable conditions in which phytoplankton can photosynthesize. (Phytoplankton are the base of oceanic food webs; therefore, areas of upwelling are important ecologically and economically)

Station 4 http://www.nationalgeographic.com/volvooceanrace/interactives/waves/index.html

Where does the energy of a breaking wave originate? Wind Earthquakes underwater

As the speed of waves increases, what happens to the interval of time between them? It shortens

B & C As waves grow larger, the wavelength gets longer, the crest gets taller, the troughs get deeper, and the wave speed and period increases. Popular shoreline feature: beaches!

#5 1. What type of sediment falls out first? Larger/Heavier Last? Smaller/Lighter 3. Could a layer be squeezed in? Earthquake?? 4. Could layers be vertical?

Define the Law of Superposition Layers (of rocks) are arranged in a time sequence, with the oldest on the bottom and the youngest on the top, unless later processes disturb this arrangement. The law was first proposed in the 17th century by the Danish scientist Nicolas Steno.

Law of (original) Horizontality Rock layers form in the horizontal position, and any deviations from this horizontal position are due to the rocks being disturbed later.

6. Explain the difference in sediment found at the mouth of a river compared to sediment found 50 km offshore from a delta. Mouth of a river: unsettled (movement) 50 km offshore from a Delta: (settled – potentially forming layers)

Station 6 #2: Is black sand old or young? Young compared to the earth. It was cooled in the water after pouring out of the volcano which is why it is glassy

#3 Why do precious gems sometimes accumulate in sand?