FISH HOLT CH. 30 PG. 726-738

CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH ENDOSKELETON

CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH ENDOSKELETON GILLS

CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH ENDOSKELETON GILLS CLOSED-LOOP CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH ENDOSKELETON GILLS CLOSED-LOOP CIRCULATORY SYSTEM KIDNEYS

MOVEMENT/RESPONSE ENDOSKELETON-internal skeleton-muscles attach

MOVEMENT/RESPONSE ENDOSKELETON-internal skeleton-muscles attach FINS AND SWIM BLADDER

MOVEMENT/RESPONSE ENDOSKELETON-internal skeleton-muscles attach FINS AND SWIM BLADDER Fins increase stability (turn, dive, climb rapidly)

MOVEMENT/RESPONSE ENDOSKELETON-internal skeleton-muscles attach FINS AND SWIM BLADDER Fins increase stability (turn, dive, climb rapidly) Swim bladder-regulate vertical position in water-gas sac

MOVEMENT/RESPONSE ENDOSKELETON-internal skeleton-muscles attach FINS AND SWIM BLADDER Fins increase stability (turn, dive, climb rapidly) Swim bladder-regulate vertical position in water-gas sac SENSORY ORGANS NOSTRILS-lead to OLFACTORY lobe

MOVEMENT/RESPONSE ENDOSKELETON-internal skeleton-muscles attach FINS AND SWIM BLADDER Fins increase stability (turn, dive, climb rapidly) Swim bladder-regulate vertical position in water-gas sac SENSORY ORGANS NOSTRILS-lead to OLFACTORY lobe EYES-lead to OPTIC lobe

MOVEMENT/RESPONSE ENDOSKELETON-internal skeleton-muscles attach FINS AND SWIM BLADDER Fins increase stability (turn, dive, climb rapidly) Swim bladder-regulate vertical position in water-gas sac SENSORY ORGANS NOSTRILS-lead to OLFACTORY lobe EYES-lead to OPTIC lobe TASTE-tongue, skin

MOVEMENT/RESPONSE ENDOSKELETON-internal skeleton-muscles attach FINS AND SWIM BLADDER Fins increase stability (turn, dive, climb rapidly) Swim bladder-regulate vertical position in water-gas sac SENSORY ORGANS NOSTRILS-lead to OLFACTORY lobe EYES-lead to OPTIC lobe TASTE-tongue, skin EARS-AUDITORY nerve

MOVEMENT/RESPONSE ENDOSKELETON-internal skeleton-muscles attach FINS AND SWIM BLADDER Fins increase stability (turn, dive, climb rapidly) Swim bladder-regulate vertical position in water-gas sac SENSORY ORGANS NOSTRILS-lead to OLFACTORY lobe EYES-lead to OPTIC lobe TASTE-tongue, skin EARS-AUDITORY nerve LATERAL LINE-senses vibrations in water

RESPIRATION/CIRCULATION Get oxygen from water (GILLS)

RESPIRATION/CIRCULATION Get oxygen from water (GILLS) OPERCULUM-gill cover

RESPIRATION/CIRCULATION Get oxygen from water (GILLS) OPERCULUM-gill cover COUNTERCURRENT FLOW-

RESPIRATION/CIRCULATION Get oxygen from water (GILLS) OPERCULUM-gill cover COUNTERCURRENT FLOW- Water passes over gills in one direction, blood flows opposite direction (85% of dissolved O2 passes over gills)

RESPIRATION/CIRCULATION Get oxygen from water (GILLS) OPERCULUM-gill cover COUNTERCURRENT FLOW- Water passes over gills in one direction, blood flows opposite direction (85% of dissolved O2 passes over gills) SINGLE LOOP BLOOD CIRCULATION

RESPIRATION/CIRCULATION Get oxygen from water (GILLS) OPERCULUM-gill cover COUNTERCURRENT FLOW- Water passes over gills in one direction, blood flows opposite direction (85% of dissolved O2 passes over gills) SINGLE LOOP BLOOD CIRCULATION Blood->gills->heart (atrium then ventricle)->pumped body->gills

EXCRETION Most vertebrates conserve water (2/3 of body is water)

EXCRETION Most vertebrates conserve water (2/3 of body is water) SALT/WATER BALANCE-

EXCRETION Most vertebrates conserve water (2/3 of body is water) SALT/WATER BALANCE- Sea water 3X salt of fish tissue

EXCRETION Most vertebrates conserve water (2/3 of body is water) SALT/WATER BALANCE- Sea water 3X salt of fish tissue Excess salt pumped out through gills

EXCRETION Most vertebrates conserve water (2/3 of body is water) SALT/WATER BALANCE- Sea water 3X salt of fish tissue Excess salt pumped out through gills FRESH water fish have more salt in TISSUES than water-take in salt from environment

EXCRETION Most vertebrates conserve water (2/3 of body is water) SALT/WATER BALANCE- Sea water 3X salt of fish tissue Excess salt pumped out through gills FRESH water fish have more salt in TISSUES than water-take in salt from environment Few fish can live in fresh AND salt water

EXCRETION Most vertebrates conserve water (2/3 of body is water) SALT/WATER BALANCE- Sea water 3X salt of fish tissue Excess salt pumped out through gills FRESH water fish have more salt in TISSUES than water-take in salt from environment Few fish can live in fresh AND salt water KIDNEYS-

EXCRETION Most vertebrates conserve water (2/3 of body is water) SALT/WATER BALANCE- Sea water 3X salt of fish tissue Excess salt pumped out through gills FRESH water fish have more salt in TISSUES than water-take in salt from environment Few fish can live in fresh AND salt water KIDNEYS- Maintain salt and water balance

EXCRETION Most vertebrates conserve water (2/3 of body is water) SALT/WATER BALANCE- Sea water 3X salt of fish tissue Excess salt pumped out through gills FRESH water fish have more salt in TISSUES than water-take in salt from environment Few fish can live in fresh AND salt water KIDNEYS- Maintain salt and water balance Removes wastes from blood Excess water leave in form of urine

REPRODUCTION Most reproduce sexually and externally *SPAWNING*

REPRODUCTION Most reproduce sexually and externally *SPAWNING* Usually spawn in large groups (schools)

REPRODUCTION Most reproduce sexually and externally *SPAWNING* Usually spawn in large groups (schools) INTERNAL fertilization in skates, sharks, and rays.

REPRODUCTION Most reproduce sexually and externally *SPAWNING* Usually spawn in large groups (schools) INTERNAL fertilization in skates, sharks, and rays. CLASPERS-male organ used to grasp female

REPRODUCTION Most reproduce sexually and externally *SPAWNING* Usually spawn in large groups (schools) INTERNAL fertilization in skates, sharks, and rays. CLASPERS-male organ used to grasp female Eggs develop inside, born live

GROUPS OF FISH 3 main groups

GROUPS OF FISH 3 main groups Jawless fish

GROUPS OF FISH 3 main groups Jawless fish Cartilagenous fish

GROUPS OF FISH 3 main groups Jawless fish Cartilagenous fish Bony fish

GROUPS OF FISH 3 main groups JAWLESS (AGNATHA) Jawless fish Cartilagenous fish Bony fish JAWLESS (AGNATHA) Skeletons of CARTILAGE

GROUPS OF FISH 3 main groups JAWLESS (AGNATHA) Jawless fish Cartilagenous fish Bony fish JAWLESS (AGNATHA) Skeletons of CARTILAGE Keep NOTOCHORD into adulthood (no spinal cord/spine)

GROUPS OF FISH 3 main groups JAWLESS (AGNATHA) Jawless fish Cartilagenous fish Bony fish JAWLESS (AGNATHA) Skeletons of CARTILAGE Keep NOTOCHORD into adulthood (no spinal cord/spine) HAGFISH-scavengers/predators- deep in ocean, create slime/tie into knots

GROUPS OF FISH 3 main groups JAWLESS (AGNATHA) Jawless fish Cartilagenous fish Bony fish JAWLESS (AGNATHA) Skeletons of CARTILAGE Keep NOTOCHORD into adulthood (no spinal cord/spine) HAGFISH-scavengers/predators- deep in ocean, create slime/tie into knots LAMPREY-parasites, suction mouth

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGINOUS FISH

NURSE SHARK (notice gill slits)

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGINOUS FISH paired fins and jaws

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGINOUS FISH paired fins and jaws Skeletons of CARTILAGE

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGINOUS FISH paired fins and jaws Skeletons of CARTILAGE Cartilage strengthened by calcium carbonate

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGINOUS FISH paired fins and jaws Skeletons of CARTILAGE Cartilage strengthened by calcium carbonate SHARKS- STREAMLINED-move through water fast

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGINOUS FISH paired fins and jaws Skeletons of CARTILAGE Cartilage strengthened by calcium carbonate SHARKS- STREAMLINED-move through water fast TRIANGLE shaped scales (PLACOID SCALES)

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGINOUS FISH paired fins and jaws Skeletons of CARTILAGE Cartilage strengthened by calcium carbonate SHARKS- STREAMLINED-move through water fast TRIANGLE shaped scales (PLACOID SCALES) TEETH are modified scales (6-10 ROWS, 20,000 in life time)

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGINOUS FISH paired fins and jaws Skeletons of CARTILAGE Cartilage strengthened by calcium carbonate SHARKS- STREAMLINED-move through water fast TRIANGLE shaped scales (PLACOID SCALES) TEETH are modified scales (6-10 ROWS, 20,000 in life time) Largest sharks (whale shark) eat PLANKTON, most others are predators

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED:

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED: SKATES/RAYS

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED: SKATES/RAYS Flat bodies

DIAMOND STINGRAY

BIG SKATE

MANTA RAY

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED: SKATES/RAYS Flat bodies Life on sea floor

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED: SKATES/RAYS Flat bodies Life on sea floor Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller)

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED: SKATES/RAYS Flat bodies Life on sea floor Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller) Some discharge electrical charge

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED: BONY FISH SKATES/RAYS Flat bodies Life on sea floor Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller) Some discharge electrical charge BONY FISH

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED: BONY FISH SKATES/RAYS Flat bodies Life on sea floor Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller) Some discharge electrical charge BONY FISH 24,000 species of bony fish ( 1,000 if cartilage and jawless COMBINED)

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED: BONY FISH SKATES/RAYS Flat bodies Life on sea floor Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller) Some discharge electrical charge BONY FISH 24,000 species of bony fish ( 1,000 if cartilage and jawless COMBINED) One of most successful vertebrates

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED: BONY FISH SKATES/RAYS Flat bodies Life on sea floor Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller) Some discharge electrical charge BONY FISH 24,000 species of bony fish ( 1,000 if cartilage and jawless COMBINED) One of most successful vertebrates Bone endoskeleton

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED: BONY FISH SKATES/RAYS Flat bodies Life on sea floor Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller) Some discharge electrical charge BONY FISH 24,000 species of bony fish ( 1,000 if cartilage and jawless COMBINED) One of most successful vertebrates Bone endoskeleton RAY-FINNED FISH

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED: BONY FISH SKATES/RAYS Flat bodies Life on sea floor Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller) Some discharge electrical charge BONY FISH 24,000 species of bony fish ( 1,000 if cartilage and jawless COMBINED) One of most successful vertebrates Bone endoskeleton RAY-FINNED FISH Fins supported by ‘rays’ (TELEOSTS

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED: BONY FISH SKATES/RAYS Flat bodies Life on sea floor Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller) Some discharge electrical charge BONY FISH 24,000 species of bony fish ( 1,000 if cartilage and jawless COMBINED) One of most successful vertebrates Bone endoskeleton RAY-FINNED FISH Fins supported by ‘rays’ (TELEOSTS 96% of fish

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED: BONY FISH SKATES/RAYS Flat bodies Life on sea floor Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller) Some discharge electrical charge BONY FISH 24,000 species of bony fish ( 1,000 if cartilage and jawless COMBINED) One of most successful vertebrates Bone endoskeleton RAY-FINNED FISH Fins supported by ‘rays’ (TELEOSTS 96% of fish LOBE-FINNED FISH COELOCANTH (PG. 738)

COELACANTH

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED: BONY FISH SKATES/RAYS Flat bodies Life on sea floor Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller) Some discharge electrical charge BONY FISH 24,000 species of bony fish ( 1,000 if cartilage and jawless COMBINED) One of most successful vertebrates Bone endoskeleton RAY-FINNED FISH Fins supported by ‘rays’ (TELEOSTS 96% of fish LOBE-FINNED FISH COELOCANTH (PG. 738) Fleshy fins

GROUPS OF FISH CARTILAGENOUS CONTINUED: BONY FISH SKATES/RAYS Flat bodies Life on sea floor Giant manta ray=7m wide (most others smaller) Some discharge electrical charge BONY FISH 24,000 species of bony fish ( 1,000 if cartilage and jawless COMBINED) One of most successful vertebrates Bone endoskeleton RAY-FINNED FISH Fins supported by ‘rays’ (TELEOSTS 96% of fish LOBE-FINNED FISH COELOCANTH (PG. 738) Fleshy fins Direct ancestors of amphibians and land vertebrates LUNG FISH

LUNGFISH

LUNGFISH