Standards for Connection of Electric Vehicles David DOSSETT, CENELEC President BEAMA Low Carbon Living Conference 15 March 2011

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSET Electric Vehicles What Are Standards? Who Are The Standardisers?

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSETT Electric Vehicles European Standards Organisations  CEN = European Committee for Standardization  CENELEC = European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization  ETSI = European Telecommunication Standards Institute  CEN and CENELEC now have 31 national members (EU, EFTA, Croatia)

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSETT Electric Vehicles What Is A Standard?  It is a document  voluntary in application  established by all interested parties  reflects consensus  approved by a recognized body  for common and repeated use National, International, European Standards

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSETT Electric Vehicles European Standardization Model  ESOs recognised under Directive 98/34/EC  CEN, CENELEC and ETSI are officially recognized by EU legislation to draw up standards under New Approach directives  All CEN, CENELEC and ETSI NSBs are committed to:  implement a European standard (EN) once ratified, identically as national standard  withdraw any conflicting national standard  Voluntary standards are key for the European Single Market

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSETT Electric Vehicles Why European Standards?  Single European Market  Innovation from European research results  Competitiveness in a global economy  Easier access for new Members to the EU  Alternative for better regulation  Standards for the market and by the market  Co-regulation in Europe since 1985 BUT, especially...  1 EN = 31 national standards in Europe = access to 490 million customers.

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSET Electric Vehicles Standards For Electric Vehicles

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSETT Electric Vehicles Why Standards For Electric Vehicles?  Promote the development of the internal market for EVs  Increase client acceptance  Optimize energy use  Discourage imposition of market barriers  Make equipment  Interoperable  Interchangeable across frontiers  Allow for optimum use of infrastructure  Allow for power generation

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSET Electric Vehicles European Interests And International Standardization

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSETT Electric Vehicles The Landscape  Internationally, ISO standardizes vehicles; IEC their electrical aspects  Type-approval etc is regulated  Our standards work in Europe has been limited:  Vehicle pollution requirements in support of EU Regulations  Intelligent Transport standards – electronic road tolling, driver information etc  Now, e-Mobility has come to the fore

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSET Electric Vehicles Standards And Regulation

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSETT Electric Vehicles The European Mandate  Mandate = Commission/EFTA request to the European Standards Organizations (ESOs), endorsed by Member States  A mandate on electric vehicle standards issues has been given to the standards bodies  Request to produce a “standards work programme” by spring 2011, and the necessary standards within 18 months  This is fast – but many of the necessary standards are under way internationally…

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSETT Electric Vehicles What Are We Asked To Do?  The ESOs are asked to develop European standards or to review existing standards in order to:  Ensure interoperability and connectivity between the electricity supply and on-board chargers of electric vehicles, so that they can be connected and be interoperable in all EU States  Ensure interoperability and connectivity between “off-board” chargers and the electric vehicle and removable batteries  Consider any smart-charging issue with respect to the charging of electric vehicles  Consider safety risks and electromagnetic compatibility of the charger of electric vehicles in the field of relevant Directives

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSETT Electric Vehicles How Are We Doing It?  We have created a Joint Working Group (“Focus Group”) CEN- CENELEC, with participation of ISO, IEC, ETSI  Representatives of technical activities, interested associations, CEN-CENELEC national members, Commission etc  Note the Focus Group is not preparing standards as such!  Focus Group Tasks:  Prepare an overview of European requirements for electric vehicle standards  Match these against existing international standards and all relevant work in progress in standards bodies  Recommend how missing issues should be covered by standardization, by whom and on what timescale  Propose how ESOs respond to European Commission mandate

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSET Electric Vehicles European Work

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSETT Electric Vehicles Organization/Timescale  Focus Group has set up working groups (“Project Teams”) to prepare a response on the different issues:  Connectors  Charging  Communications  Batteries  Terminology  Regulations and standards  Electro-magnetic compatibility  First overview report/roadmap agreed  Final report and recommendations March 2011

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSETT Electric Vehicles Connector Issues  Connectors on the wall:  Domestic circuits AC – most routine charging will be at home  Heavier charging at 3-Phase AC: draft IEC Part 2 has several options, but we need one for Europe  Differences in national wiring rules in Europe > interoperability issues  Connectors on the vehicle:  AC connectors – different options again in IEC  DC connectors – choice of two but with different characteristics

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSETT Electric Vehicles Charger Issues  Recommendations concerning interoperable charging systems using the four charging modes authorised by IEC  Preferential configurations depending on charging mode and supply categories (AC, DC, Mixed?) to ensure interoperability of charging infrastructures  Restrictions and conditions of use applicable to the vehicle and harness when connected to existing domestic socket outlets (mode 1 and 2)

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSETT Electric Vehicles Other Issues  Communication issues – next overheads  Battery issues:  interoperability: dimensional standards of battery and modules for EVs, interface systems, electric cycle batteries, safety, supply chain, battery switching stations  Regulatory/EMC/Terminology (separate PTs)  Basically:  our priorities are the pan-European connectors and chargers, ie so interoperable infrastructure can be created  DC charging is longer-term  smart charging is longer-term  the grid effects will therefore be longer-term – but we must work on them

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSETT Electric Vehicles Vehicle To Grid Issues  These are less mature  Low-level communication:  low-level communication for AC and DC charge control and safety functions is defined in the IEC series  controls for AC charging in part 1 (voted September 2010)  controls for DC charging in part 24 (work just starting)  Higher-level communication:  Work in joint ISO/IEC WG defining power-line communication between vehicle and charging device, defining message content  signals for load control for the optimization of the grid and electricity usage, and mobility services (link to the grid issues)  use of existing data channels that will also be used on in thermal vehicles (ITS, 3G, WiFi)  Final choice of physical layer between vehicle and charging post may have a major influence on choices made for smart grid (and the “smart home”)

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSETT Electric Vehicles What Will We End Up With (1)?  March 2011, a set of proposals for (at least) which connector/charger standards are needed at European level for:  charging from the AC mains with standard voltages available in Europe  charging of the vehicle battery from an external DC battery charger  charging of small electric vehicles such as scooters and bicycles  Information on EMC and electrical safety aspects of these  NO proposals for European Standards work unless specifically justified

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSETT Electric Vehicles What Will We End Up With (2)?  Information on smart-charging, communication and battery standards issues:  Maybe less immediately important for interoperability  Not even all within the mandate  But still there are standards aspects on these  Contribution to the longer-term view from our smart grid JWG  A set of recommendations either as to which IEC standards to adopt as European ones, or for selection of options in them for Europe  Possibly also recommendations to regulators – if national legal barriers exist in Europe

© CEN-CENELEC David DOSSETT Electric Vehicles Thank You! Standards will help electric vehicles achieve their potential