Vent-Axia Seminar: Parts F and L For Ventilation 2010

Parts F and L 2010 Agenda Part F History The New Structure Design Performance Part F Ventilation Systems Air Permeability and Performance Part L Main Changes and Overview Competent Person’s Scheme Summary and Questions Here is the Agenda Part F History The new structure Design Performance Part F Ventilation Systems Air Permeability and performance Part L main changes and overview Summary and Questions

Vent-Axia Since 1936 Vent -Axia was founded in 1936 by Joe Akester who was a marine engineer,his company, Axia Fans were manufacturing DC fans for use on ships and tankers. He saw a market for domestic and commercial fans and subsequently invented the worlds first electrically operated extract fan, produced in ‘Bakelite’. This slide shows a picture of the Silent Six which was manufactured at the factory in Putney, West London. Vent-Axia has the Royal Warrant for supplying ventilation equipment to the Royal Households. With some 3000 product lines including many innovative and energy efficient products, the company continues to be the UK market leader.

Company Locations The largest UK ventilation employer Over 800 employees 4 locations Dudley - Metals and Systems Swindon Site: The only UK manufacturer of DC motors Over 1 million motors supplied into the HVAC market every year 80,000 sq ft factory The key provider of our LoCarbon technology Reading Site: 50,000 sq ft injection and extrusion factory running 24 hours a day Entirely for use by the Volution Group – No trade moulding Over 3.5 million fans manufactured every year 30 injection moulding machines – 3 more added for the new ranges 5 extrusion lines for rigid and flexible duct Dudley Site: Our largest site with 120,000 sq feet of manufacturing and warehousing space Manufacturing base for our metal products including Sentinel Demand Ventilation and Sentinel Totus Also the home of our heat recovery (MVHR) and Multivent (MEV) products Crawley Site: Manufacture of plastic ventilation ranges Design and test facilities for rigorous product testing including safety, airflow and climate chambers – BEAB approved Head Office functions including Sales Office, Customer Services, Technical Support and Marketing Swindon - Motors Crawley - Plastic Assembly Reading – Plastic Extrusions

History 1992 – Part F – Bathroom and Kitchens needed extract rates for the first time 1995 – Utility rooms were added All rates were intermittent Refurbishment followed good practice and used the same solutions Part F of the Building regulations was introduced in 1992 and stated that new dwellings must has mechanical ventilation installed in ‘wet rooms’ i.e. Kitchens, Bathrooms and WC’s. All ventilation rates were intermittent and extract fans were used to extract stale and polluted air from these areas. Refurbishments followed this document The revision in 1995 added Utility rooms

1992 -1995 When Part F came into force in 1992 it stated a minimum extract rate of 15 l/s for bathroom, 30 l/s for Utility room and 60 l/s for kitchens. This meant in reality that 100mm fans were used in bathrooms and 150mm fans in Utility and Kitchens. Intermittent ventilation was stated under BRE Digest 398 and included MEV and MVHR systems.

2006 New Part F Regulations expanded to include intermittent and continuous systems New Part L Regulations developed because of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) in Europe Direct influence on product design SAP became the standard tool for calculating the energy use of domestic buildings In 2006, New Part F Regulations were expanded to include intermittent and continuous systems New Part L Regulations were developed because of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) in Europe and this had a direct influence on product design with more emphasis on energy recovery and low specific fan power. SAP became the standard tool for calculating the energy use of domestic buildings.

2006 In 2006, Part F moved from a prescriptive approach to a more performance based approach. For the first time it included continuous systems MEV and MVHR so designers did not have to state BRE Digest 398. IT now had 4 systems for compliance: Intermittent Fans and Background Ventilators Passive Stack (and Background Ventilators) Mechanical Extract Ventilation (with Background Ventilators) Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery (no Background Ventilators required) These 4 systems have remained for the 2010 regulations and the market has been divided into 2 clear ventilation strategies:

New Structure 2010 Legal requirements in the Building Regulations and Part F of Schedule 1 1st Tier Approved Document F 2nd Tier Domestic Ventilation Installation and Commissioning Guide 3nd Tier Industry, Guides, Good practice Guides, Codes of practices and standards Both ADF and ADL refer to additional guides in the form of 2nd and 3rd tier documents One of the main changes to Part F is the Domestic Ventilation and Commissioning Guide which will mean stricter control of installation and commissioning of system ventilation especially heat recovery. This is linked to a 3rd tier, which contains the various Good Practice Guides and Industry Standards.

Building Regulations Part F Part L Air-tightness – Installation – SAP Tighter building mean more controlled ventilation Installation – Tighter policing on installation as performance becomes more critical Part L SAP SBEM Tools that measure energy efficiency with targets to improve it Part F can be broken down in two parts: Air Tightness – With the drive for much higher air permeability, more control is required over ventilation rates especially in air tight houses Installation – There will be a tighter policy on installations and performance and the Domestic Installation and Commissioning Guide calls for competent persons to install and commission any ventilation system. There is also a 3 part checklist and test sheet that must be completed by the installer. Part L has 2 main tools that measure the energy efficiency of new buildings and targets to improve it. The Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) covers new build domestic housing and the Simplified Building Energy Model (SBEM) that covers new build non-domestic buildings..

Approved Document F Part F 2010 came into effect on October 1st 2010 and Part F1 covers the Means of Ventilation in domestic housing.

Compliance Design Performance Criteria Installation and Commissioning Means of ventilation and airflow rate based on dwelling permeability Installation and Commissioning Installed performance to be achieved through Competent Persons scheme Whereas the ventilation systems have stayed the same, the main changes to Part F are made up of 3 areas. The design performance flow rates are governed by the permeability of the building, the installed performance being achieved by the Competent Persons Scheme, and Operation and Maintenance ensuring user information and maintenance. Operation and Maintenance End user information to ensure effective use and maintenance

Design Performance Dwelling Air Permeability <5m3/(h.m2)@50Pa Design Performance and background ventilation rates are governed by how air tight the dwelling is designed to be. Air leakage is measured by a door blower fan system which is set up in the main external entrance of the dwelling. Once the Equipment is set up and all of the ventilation has been closed or sealed as per Pre-Test Checklist the fan will then De-pressurise the building to provide the Air Permeability. The measurement is calculated by-The leakage of air (m3/hour) in or out of the building per square metre of the buildings internal envelope at a reference pressure of 50 Pascal’s between the inside and outside of the building. In order to achieve a pass the Air tightness / Pressure test result must be less than or equivalent to the Design Air Permeability within the SAP Calculations. The air design permeability figure that is being used in Part F is 5m3/(h.m2)@50Pa. The air permeability of the dwelling will effect the ventilation system in three ways: System 1 Intermittent Fans: It will determine the size of the background ventilators to be used, (tighter than 5 will require larger equivalent area System 3 MEV: It will determine whether or not background ventilators are to be used, (leakier than 5 will not require background ventilators. System 4 MVHR: It will determine the performance of the system, (tighter than 5 will require more airflow. Note: If the air tightness has been designed above 5 but achieves down to 3, you do not need to fit trickle vents.

Design Performance Dwelling Air Permeability <5m3/(h.m2)@50Pa Table 5.1a in Part F gives the rates for Intermittent and Continuous Ventilation. These are the same as the 2006 version and can be applied to dwellings designed tighter than 5.

Design Performance Dwelling Air Permeability <5m3/(h.m2)@50Pa When applying the whole ventilation rate, ventilation rates are taken from Table 5.1b and depend on the number of bedrooms within the dwelling. These figures are based on2 occupants in the master bedroom and 1 in subsequent bedrooms. In addition, the minimum ventilation rate should be not less than 0.3l/s of internal floor area, (all floors should be calculated)

Part F Ventilation Systems In order to achieve the air flow rates required, the building needs to be fitted with a ventilation system. The Part F document provides guidance on four ventilation systems which have varying levels of control, consistency and energy efficiency capability: The 4 systems are: Background ventilators and intermittent extract fans 2. Passive Stack Ventilation 3. Continuous Mechanical Extract 4. Continuous Mechanical Supply and Extract with Heat Recovery (MVHR)

Part F Ventilation Systems System 1 Intermittent Extract Fans Intermittent Extraction from all wet areas based on table 5.1a. The ventilation units work intermittently either by switching via a manual switch or automatically via integral sensors such as humidity or PIR. Background ventilators, normally in the form of trickle vents in windows must be included in all habitable and wet room windows The equivalent sizes will be based on the air permeability of the dwelling, the number of bedrooms, occupants and size of property. The equivalent area size will have to be embossed on the window frame to demonstrate compliance.

Part F Ventilation Systems System 1 Intermittent Extract Fans All Intermittent fans are tested as installed performance Low Carbon motors give 80% reduction in power consumption, 5 Year Motor Guarantee Suitable for Wall, Window, ceiling or ducted applications Intermittent fans should meet Part flow rates on installed performance i.e. whether it has a wall or window kit or it is in a ducted application. Low Carbon EC/DC motors are more widely used these days and can give a carbon saving of 80% over conventional motors.

Intermittent fans should meet Part flow rates on installed performance i.e. whether it has a wall or window kit or it is in a ducted application. Low Carbon EC/DC motors are more widely used these days and can give a carbon saving of 80% over conventional motors.

System 1 Background Ventilators As stated previously, both ventilation rates and background ventilator size now depends on the air permeability of the building. Equivalent area has now been introduced as an alternative to geometrical free area for the sizing of background ventilators. As equivalent area cannot be verified by tape or ruler, it would be difficult to demonstrate that products have the correct opening sizes. Therefore it is a requirement for manufacturers to stamp the ventilators with the equivalent area. This chart shows the required equivalent areas for intermittent extract fans with an air permeability worse than 5. As you can see it is based on the total floor area and number of bedrooms.

System 1 Background Ventilators For an air permeability better than 5, the equivalent areas are much larger. This is to ensure that enough make up air is introduced in an air tight building.

Window Vents in Flats With no cross flow in single sided apartments high and low level ventilation is needed This doubles what is already an increased number of vents High Level In apartments, a single façade orientation, cross-flow ventilation can not be achieved. Therefore the requirement would be for double the amount of background ventilators and would mean installing windows with ventilators at both high and low levels. Low Level

Part F Ventilation Systems System 3 MEV Decentralised MEV Centralised MEV Continuous Mechanical Extract Ventilation option 1: Mechanical Extract Ventilation, (MEV) It uses one remote fan in a loft or cupboard which continuously extracts air from the wet areas. It is normally remotely sited which makes it aesthetically acceptable discreet and quiet. There is only one external aperture therefore will be beneficial when pressure testing. Closer control can be achieved by multi-speed versions therefore can achieve exact ventilation requirements and reduce unwanted heat losses. Benefits DER/SAP within Appendix Q when using lower specific fan power. The system can be connected to non powered cooker hood for quiet operation. Guarantee of installed performance if designed and installed by manufacturer with the facilities. Continuous Mechanical Extract Ventilation option 2: Individual continuous running extract fans installed in wet areas. This method requires a lower ventilation rate than the intermittent extractor fan option and is based on the number of bedrooms as per table 5.1b in Part F. There is no opportunity for heat recovery with either decentralised MEV or centralised MEV.

Intermittent fans should meet Part flow rates on installed performance i.e. whether it has a wall or window kit or it is in a ducted application. Low Carbon EC/DC motors are more widely used these days and can give a carbon saving of 80% over conventional motors.

Intermittent fans should meet Part flow rates on installed performance i.e. whether it has a wall or window kit or it is in a ducted application. Low Carbon EC/DC motors are more widely used these days and can give a carbon saving of 80% over conventional motors.

Part F Ventilation Systems System 4 MVHR Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery (MVHR) Continuous Mechanical Supply and Extract with Heat Recovery (MVHR) MVHR is a whole dwelling ventilation system that supplies and extracts air continuously at a low rate with the facility to be boosted as required meeting Part F System 4 The unit is normally installed in the loft space or cupboard and rigid ducting supplies fresh filtered air to the habitable rooms and extracts stale polluted air from the ‘wet rooms Supply and extract diffusers are fitted to the ceilings and can be adjusted so as to balance the system The unit incorporates a polymer heat exchanger that tempers the incoming air before it is delivered to the habitable rooms The efficiency of the exchanger can very from 70% to 95% heat recovery depending on whether it is of cross-flow or counter flow type, (counter flow being the most efficient) The system can be controlled to boost speed either; - Manually via single or multiple switches - Automatically, typically via humidity or other sensors These should be located in or near the wet rooms Background ventilators in windows are not required with this system

This animation shows the system working in an apartment This animation shows the system working in an apartment. Note that no background ventilation is required.

Counter Flow Heat Exchanger OUTSIDE Exhaust temp’ is 2 degrees 90%+ Efficiency The type of heat exchanger used in ventilation is normally a ‘plate’ heat exchanger manufactured either in polymer or aluminium. Polymer is normally used in residential type products and made up of pairs of polymer plates welded together in such a way that the air paths from the dwelling and supply from outside do not mix. A percentage of the heat from the extracted air is successfully transferred to the supply air during the exchange process. The shape and the surface area of the cell makes a big difference to its thermal efficiency with counter flow cube being the most efficient. This slide shows an example of a counter flow cell with 90% plus efficiency. If the indoor temperature is 20ºC the approximate temperature as the air leaves the cell would be 2ºC. Internal temp’ 20 degrees INSIDE

Counter Flow Heat Exchanger OUTSIDE External ambient 0 degrees Exhaust temp’ is 2 degrees 90%+ Efficiency If the out door ambient temperature is 0ºC then the return air into the dwelling would be around 18ºC. Internal temp’ 20 degrees Supply temp’ is 18 degrees INSIDE

System 4 (MVHR Range) MVHR units should be SAP Appendix Q Listed Top performing MVHR SAP Q product will help with compliance Various models to meet project requirements Compact and light weight Easy access filters for annual maintenance. 100% Speed Control for accurate site commissioning User and Contractor friendly controls Automatic Integral control options MVHR is fast becoming the only ventilation option to meet building regulations and Code for Sustainable Homes levels 3 and beyond. To help designers through the minefield of which product to use and to make sure there is a benefit to using MVHR, it is important that products are selected from the SAP appendix Q offering on the web site www.sap-appendixq.org.uk. Technologies assessed within SAP Q are: MEV (Mechanical Extract Ventilation) MVHR (Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery FGHRS (Flue gas heat recovery systems) WWHR (Waste water heat recovery) Hot water only boilers Heat Pumps There are many different model types to meet different requirements in dwellings including cooker hood options and compact units that fit into 600mm cupboards. Units manufactured from plastic are lightweight and easy to install. Maintenance is minimal but it is important that the filters and the heat exchanger are cleaned at regular intervals. Commissioning the units is made concise but simple using units that have 100% speed and user friendly controllers.

Noise Continuous Mechanical ventilation systems should be below 35dBA on trickle speed Very importantly noise from continuous ventilation systems should be below 35dB(A) on trickle speed.

Main Changes - 2010 Edition Ventilation will become a controlled service needing sign off by a “competent person” 2nd tier “Domestic Ventilation Installation and Commissioning Guide” with a sign off sheet All ventilation systems shall be commissioned (including Intermittent Fans and Cooker Hoods) Commissioning checklist to be passed to Building Control Summary of the Part F changes: Ventilation will become a controlled service needing sign off by a “competent person” There is a 2nd tier “Domestic Ventilation Installation and Commissioning Guide” with 3 section a sign off sheet. All ventilation systems shall be commissioned (including Intermittent Fans and Cooker Hoods) Commissioning checklist to be passed to both Building Control and the occupier.

Competent Persons Scheme BPEC’s Domestic Ventilation Systems 2010 has been running since May 2011 Recognised by all competent person schemes Delivered by manufacturers, colleges and independent trainers With the revised Building Regulations Part F, Ventilation that came into force in October 2010, a ‘qualified’ installer is now required to install, test and commission all new ventilation systems, whether they are intermittent extract fans and background ventilators, MEV or MVHR, and provide a commissioning report for the Building Control Body.  Until now, there has been no specific qualification for what is, to all intents and purposes, a new trade: Domestic Ventilation Installer the This will be the first industry-recognised independent accredited training programme for Ventilation Installers.  The training course will take place over two days and will combine theoretical training and practical exercises to provide installers with the information and skills to install any of the common types of domestic ventilation systems in the UK safely and efficiently.  The course will also cover the inspection, testing and commissioning of these systems as well as providing the client operation and maintenance information.  At the end of the course, there is a theory and practical assessment in which each candidate must achieve a 100% pass rate.

BPEC Training SAP software now includes drop-down box asking whether the system has been installed by an approved installer

Domestic Ventilation Compliance Guide 3 Part Sign-Off This is the 3 section checklist taken from the Domestic Ventilation Compliance Guide. Just show the next 8 slides.

Information for the Occupier The owner/occupier shall be given sufficient information about the ventilation system and its maintenance requirements so that the ventilation system can be operated to provide adequate air flow. This should apply to natural and mechanical systems in new dwellings Manufacturers and installers will be responsible to give the owner/occupier sufficient information about the ventilation system and its maintenance requirements so that the ventilation system can be operated to provide adequate air flow. This should apply to natural and mechanical systems in new dwellings

Approved Document L Part L also came into force on 1st October. Part L1A deals with domestic new build.

Part L – Energy Efficiency The Target Emission Rate (TER) for 2010 is 25% improvement over 2006 SAP Q process is retained New second tier documents in the form of Building Services Compliance Guides for domestic and non-domestic These highlight specific performance levels in regard of ventilation Relevant changes to ventilation means that the Target Emission Rate (TER) for 2010 is 25% improvement over 2006 SAP Q process is retained and may be linked to the Competent Persons Scheme meaning reduced conservative ratings in SAP. New second tier documents in the form of Building Services Compliance Guides for domestic and non-domestic These highlight specific performance levels in regard of ventilation.

SAP 2009 CO2 factor changed 0.42 to 0.51 Reduced specific fan power the important factor Potential to reduce conservative ratings if installed by a competent person In the new SAP 2009, the CO2 factor has changed from 0.42 to 0.51 and the important factor is a reduced specific fan power. Low SFP can be achieved by using low carbon EC/DC motors. If the Government ratify the Competent Person’s scheme there is a very good chance that the conservative ratings on ventilation systems can be greatly reduced to allow a better SAP score.

Effect of System Selection in SAP Air Permeability Rate (m³h/m2 at 50 Pa) Treatment of Ventilation Systems in SAP 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 2 3 4 5 6 7 DER (Dwelling C02 Emission Rate) Nat Vent MEV* MVHR** Default MEV MVHR This slide shows the effect of the various ventilation systems and how they work within SAP. As you can see the best performing ventilation strategy is SAP Q MVHR with a SFP of 0.46watts per litre per second and thermal efficiency of 91% heat exchange for a kitchen and 1 wet room. This is based on a gas heated semi at 89m² with a Target Emissions rate of 23kg.CO2/m² per year. * Used best SFP of 0.18w/l/s for Kitchen + 1 wet room ** Used best SFP/HX eff combination of 0.46w/l/s & 91% for Kitchen + 1 wet room Based on 89m2 Gas Heated Semi Detached dwelling with a TER of 23.00kg.Co2/m2.Yr

Part L1 - Domestic This Chart is lifted from the Building Services Compliance Guide for domestic and non-domestic. In Table 32 1.0 states that mechanical ventilation systems should be designed to minimise electric fan power Specific Fan Powers (SFP) should not be worse than: i. 0.05 watts per litre per second for intermittent ventilation systems ii. 0.7 W/l/s for continuous systems iii.0.5 W/l/s for supply ventilation systems iv. 1.5 W/l/s for MVHR systems 2.0. Heat Recovery Efficiency a. Heat recovery should be no less than 70% thermal efficiency.

Part L and Solar Gain Criterion 3 – Limiting the Effects of Solar Gain 4.25 – If ventilation is provided using a balanced system, consideration should be given to providing a summer bypass function during warm weather so that the ventilation is more effective in reducing overheating.

Part L1 Summary Important Features of Part L TER 25% improvement over 2006 SAP Q is retained Minimum Specific Fan Power across ventilation systems MVHR efficiency no less that 70% Here is a summary of Part L: The Target Emissions Rate calls for a 25% improvement over 2006. The SAP Appendix Q process is retained. There are clear guide lines that call for minimum Specific Fan Power (SFP) across ventilation systems and minimum thermal efficiency on MVHR systems should be no less than 70%

Vent-Axia Seminar: Parts F and L for Ventilation 2010 Thank you for your attention Questions? Thank you for your attention, are there any questions? Should you require CPD certificates, please let me have your names, (preferably electronically) and I will arrange for them to be created and sent to you.