Czech Hydrometeorological Institute Assessment of air pollution by cadmium CZECH REPUBLIC EMEP Heavy metal case study Milan Váňa, Pavel Machálek + MSC-E EMEP TFMM meeting, Gozo, Malta

General benefit for CR To use the modelling capacity of MSC-E for more detailed analyzes of measured data from the Czech national monitoring network. The study is focused on cadmuim, reference year 2007.

Data reporting Air concentration – data reported – Feb 2010 Precipitation – data reported – Feb 2010 Throughfall – data reported – Feb 2010 Metadata about stations – March 2010 Emissions – May 2010 Meteorological data from the Czech network – May 2010 Soil data reported – Sept 2010

Bilateral meetings 1 st Bilateral meeting th April 2010 Definition of general aim of the study for The Czech Republic Time schedule of activities within the study 2 nd bilateral meeting th March 2011 Main task: to present and summarize the existing results and to define the tasks for the upcoming phase of the study. 3 rd bilateral meeting th December 2011 To present and summarize preliminary results and to prepare the time schedule for joint report focused on heavy metal case study for the Czech Republic. Identification of remaining problems to be solved:

Analysis of Cd pollution in the Czech Republic 13 th TFMM meeting, April 2012 Gozo  Concentrations and deposition with 5x5 km resolution based on national emission data  Evaluation of modelled Cd levels against measurements  Comparison of modelled meteorological parameters with observations  Selection of priority stations for analysis (8 of 74)  Investigation of influence of spatial resolution on pollution levels Collection of national data (emission, monitoring, ….) Atmospheric modelling Analysis of the results Improved assessment of pollution levels General scheme of the case study  Usage of supporting information (measurements in mosses) for evaluation of spatial distribution  Assimilation of meteorological data from national synoptic stations Recent activities

Modelled Cd air concentrations Finer resolution - priority monitoring stations - other monitoring stations 50x50 km 5x5 km 50x50 km 5x5 km Modelled Cd total deposition

TASKS Contributions of administrative regions Contributions of source categories (NFR) to pollution levels Contributions of large point sources to pollution (1A1, 1A2) Contributions of neighbouring countries to pollution levels

Deposition from regions of a country Annual deposition from sources of Ustecky region g/km2/y, in 2007 Deposition from Ustecky region to other regions of CZ

Annual deposition from sources of Moravskoslezsky region g/km2/y, in 2007

Annual deposition from sources of NFR category 1A1a (Public electricity and heat production), g/km2/y, 2007

Annual deposition from sources of NFR category 1A2a (Combustion in production of iron and steel ) g/km2/y, 2007

Annual deposition from sources of NFR category 2C1 (Iron and Steel production), g/km2/y, 2007

Annual deposition from sources of category R1_TECHN (non-LPS technological sources), g/km2/y, 2007

Contribution of source categories to deposition of Cd to regions of the Czech Republic Cd deposition in CZ, 5x5 km

Evaluation of transport from individual point sources (Czech Republic) Source: Power station Chvaletice, 98 kg Cd per year

Cd deposition to administrative regions

Cd deposition flux to regions

Contribution of external emission sources of Cd to anthropogenic deposition in the Czech Republic

Depostion of Cd from countries

Conclusions The emissions from the most polluted regions sources influence the whole north-western part of the Czech Republic (Ustecky) and north-eastern (Ostravsky) and caused significant transport to the border regions of Germany and Poland The high Cd concentrations and depositions from internal sources in the Ustecky region are mostly caused by emissions from power plants and heating, in the other hot spot (Moravskoslezský region) by iron and steel production and combustion during these activities.

Conclusions Strong contribution of external emission sources to the pollution levels by cadmium all over the Czech Republic, especially in the eastern part

General conclusion Spatial resolution of emission data is a key factor of improvement of quality of pollution assessment at national scale. Besides, emissions of neighbouring countries with fine resolution are highly important.

Conclusions for the Czech Republic The study give us opportunities to precise the measures for improvement of air quality strategies and policy in the polluted areas The results of EMEP HM case study will be used as one of the basis for the prepared heavy metal environmental strategy prepared by the Czech Ministry of Environment and for local authorities