Karyotype is a picture of chromosomes. 2 out of the 46 chromosomes are sex chromosomes The rest of the 44 chromosomes are called autosomes. Females have XX sex chromosomes Males have XY sex chromosomes. Therefore there is 50% chance that the sperm will carry an X or Y chromosomes.

There are two Blood Groups; ABO and RH Rh+ is dominant rather than Rh- Knowing a person’s blood group is critical to know because using the wrong blood type could be fatal. Alleles Iᴬand Iᴮ are codominant. A pedigree chart can show relationships within families.

Blood Groups PhenotypeGenotypeAnitgien on Red Blood Cells Safe Transfusions From AIᴬIᴬ, or IᴬiAA, ABA, O BIᴮIᴮ, or IᴮiBB, ABA, O ABIᴬIᴮIᴬIᴮA and BABA, B, AB, O OiinoneA, B, AB, OO

Sickle Cells is a common disorder formed in African Americans. It is characterized by the bent and twisted shape. People with this disease inherited DNA copies of the sickle cell allele.

PKU (Phenylketonuria), is a genetic disease that has a recessive allele. People with PKU lack the enzyme that’s needed to break down phenlalnine, which is an amino acid found in milk and other foods. If a newborn has PKU, phenyalanine may build up in the tissues during the child’s fist uears of life and cause severe mental redardation. They would’ve had to inherit the recessie allele from both parents.

Some disorders are caused by autosomal recessive alleles. Tay-Sachs disease is one effected by this. This is a disease caused by an alleles found mostly in Jewish families of central and eastern European countries. This disease results in nervous system breakdown and death in the first few years of life. There is no cure for this disease by there is a test which can determine whether you contain this allele.