Training Fields Parallel Pipes Maximum Likelihood Classifier Class 11. Supervised Classification

Unsupervised classification is a process of grouping pixels that have similar spectral values and labeling each group with a class Definition Supervised classification is to classify an image using known spectral information for each cover type

1.Training Fields (minimum spectral distance) A sample area for estimating representative spectral statistics, or spectral signatures. A seed-pixel approach can be used (page 137, Verbyla) according to the minimum distance classifier Verbyla 7.0

Two-band image AB: Aspen/Birch SM: Sedge/Medow

Lillisand & Keifer 7.0

2. Parallelpiped classifier Define max/min for each band for each class If a class has normally distributed spectral values then 95% of pixels are within mean±2 standard deviations, i.e., Minimum = mean-2×SD Maximum = mean+2×SD Max/min can be adjusted according to needs

Step-wise parallelpipes

3. Maximum likelihood classifier From the training field, create contours of equal likelihood for each class. The highest likelihood for a candidate pixel determines the class of the pixel

Single-band example From training fields for cattail (CT) and smartweed (SW) Mean digital valueStandard deviation (  ) Number of pixels CT SW205100

Class 12 Assessment of classification Accuracy Error Matrix (confusion matrix) User’s Accuracy Producer’s Accuracy Overall Accuracy Kappa Statistics

Error Matrix Ground Truth 12345Row total Column total Predicted class Verbyla 8.0

Overall Classification Accuracy It is the total number of correct class predictions (the sum of the diagonal cells) divided by the total number of cells. In this case, it is ( )/200 =88%

Producer’s and user’s accuracy by cover type class ClassProducer’s AccuracyUser’s Accuracy 140/42=95%40/43=93% 230/33=91%30/43=70% 325/37=68%25/30=83% 450/53=94%50/52=96% 532/35=91%32/32=100%

Kappa Statistic KHAT= Overall Classification Accuracy – Expected Classification Accuracy 1 – Expected Classification Accuracy The expected classification accuracy is the accuracy expected based on chance, Or the expected accuracy if we randomly assigned class values to each pixel. In this case (see the next slide), it is ( )/40,000=21% In this case, KHAT=( )/(1-0.21)=0.85

Products for KHAT Ground Truth 12345Row total (error matrix) Column total (error matrix) Predicted class