G.O.1 Biological diversity is reflected in the variety of life on Earth.

Biodiversity What does diversity mean? How can we represent “diversity” in a group of students? What does diversity mean? How can we represent “diversity” in a group of students? “Biodiversity”, or “biological diversity”, refers to all living organisms on the earth. “Biodiversity”, or “biological diversity”, refers to all living organisms on the earth. Definition for organism = an organism is any contiguous living system (such as animal, fungus, micro-organism, or plant). In at least some form, all types of organisms are capable of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, and maintenance of homeostasis as a stable whole. Definition for organism = an organism is any contiguous living system (such as animal, fungus, micro-organism, or plant). In at least some form, all types of organisms are capable of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, and maintenance of homeostasis as a stable whole.contiguouslivingsystemanimalfungusmicro-organismplantresponsestimulireproductiondevelopmenthomeostasiscontiguouslivingsystemanimalfungusmicro-organismplantresponsestimulireproductiondevelopmenthomeostasis Scientists study biodiversity in small groupings in order to track changes. Scientists study biodiversity in small groupings in order to track changes. Why would they want to track changes? Why would they want to track changes? What type of change would they track? What type of change would they track? What could be done to minimize these changes? What could be done to minimize these changes?

“Why do we have to learn this” We’re all connected We’re all connected Think about every action you have taken today…how many organisms were influenced or required for those actions to take place? Make a list… Think about every action you have taken today…how many organisms were influenced or required for those actions to take place? Make a list…

WHAT CHARACTERISTICS DO ALL LIVING THINGS HAVE IN COMMON WHAT CHARACTERISTICS DO ALL LIVING THINGS HAVE IN COMMON All living things have the following in common. They are: All living things have the following in common. They are: Made up of cells Made up of cells Need energy Need energy grow and develop grow and develop Reproduce Reproduce Have adaptations to help them survive Have adaptations to help them survive

What is a Species? A species is a particular group of organisms that have the same structure and can reproduce with each other. Of the million possible different species of living things, there are over 1.5 million species of animals and species of plants that have been identified by biologists. The most successful life form seems to be the insect.

What is an ecosystem? An ecosystem refers to all the animals and plants found in one place, and the way they all live together. An ecosystem refers to all the animals and plants found in one place, and the way they all live together. Different plants and animals live in different ecosystems. Different plants and animals live in different ecosystems. Different ecosystems can be close together. Different ecosystems can be close together. Some animals belong to several ecosystems. Some animals belong to several ecosystems.

What are the Components Earth’s biodiversity? Components of biodiversity: Genetic diversity – genetic variation within Genius or species Species diversity – numbers of species within an ecosystem Diversity among higher taxa – variation between genera, families, orders, etc. Ecosystem diversity – variation among ecosystems, communities, landscapes Are different groups of organisms equally diverse? Are different parts of the world equally diverse?

How does diversity change as you move from the north and south poles towards the Equator?

There is _________________________________ biodiversity in the northern Arctic region because _____________________________________________________________________________________________________. There is _____________________ biodiversity in the equatorial regions because ______________________ _____________________ There is _____________________________ biodiversity in the southern Antarctic region because _______________________________________________________________________________________________________. Geography & Biodiveristy, booklet pg 12

Biological Diversity Classification The science of classifying organisms is called taxonomy The science of classifying organisms is called taxonomy The “father of modern taxonomy” was Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) The “father of modern taxonomy” was Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) Organisms are grouped into “taxa” based on their similarities to each other Organisms are grouped into “taxa” based on their similarities to each other

5 Kingdom Classification System: Monera: all prokaryotes (bacteria) Monera: all prokaryotes (bacteria) Protista: single-celled eukaryotes (protists) Protista: single-celled eukaryotes (protists) Fungi: multi-cellular heterotrophic sessile eukaryotes Fungi: multi-cellular heterotrophic sessile eukaryotes Plantae: multi-cellular autotrophic sessile eukaryotes Plantae: multi-cellular autotrophic sessile eukaryotes Animalia: multi-cellular heterotrophic motile eukaryotes Animalia: multi-cellular heterotrophic motile eukaryotes

Classifying Organisms Kingdom Kingdom Phylum (& Subphyla) Phylum (& Subphyla) Class Class Order Order Family Family Genus Genus Species Species Come up with your own mnuemonic Come up with your own mnuemonic

Human Classification Kingdom – Animalia Kingdom – Animalia Phylum – Chordata Phylum – Chordata Class – Mammalia Class – Mammalia Order – Primates Order – Primates Family – Hominidae Family – Hominidae Genus – Homo Genus – Homo Species - sapien Species - sapien

Classifying cousins… booklet pg 15 Kingdom:Animalia Kingdom:AnimaliaAnimalia Phylum:Chordata Phylum:ChordataChordata Class:Mammalia Class:MammaliaMammalia Order:Carnivora Order:CarnivoraCarnivora Family:Canidae Family:CanidaeCanidae Genus: Canis Genus: Canis Canis Species: C. lupus Species: C. lupus C. lupus C. lupus Kingdom:AnimaliaAnimalia Phylum:ChordataChordata Class:MammaliaMammalia Order:CarnivoraCarnivora Family:CanidaeCanidae Genus: Canis Canis Species: Canis lycaon Canis lycaon

Which species are most related? Members of the Rosaceae family: Members of the Rosaceae family: Rosa arvensis Rosa arvensis Rubus arcticis Rubus arcticis Members of the Iridaceae family. Iris germanica Iris persica