Nov. 22, 2011 L.O.: Students will be able to explain the major changes to Upper and Lower Canada from ) Community Chat + Test Discussion 2) PPT Notes 3) Work Period 4) HW: Changes in UC/LC Worksheet; Read Pgs 1-3 Newspaper; Chapter 7 Vocab due. Nov 28

What important changes took place in Upper and Lower Canada from 1815 – 1838?

Key Vocabulary Canadian- – English speaking person living in Canada Canadien- – French speaking person living in Canada Immigrant – a person who leaves his/her country to live in another country Great Migration – many immigrants from Great Britain moved to Upper Canada Timber – Wood that has been cut down; lumber Potash – Ash from burnt wood Mast – Pole on a ship that holds the sail Sawmill – Factory that cuts wood into smaller pieces

Upper and Lower Canada Changes  Following the War of 1812, both Upper and Lower Canada experienced population explosion (growth).  This occurred because of:  LC - High birth rate among French-speaking people  UC experienced a wave of settlers from Great Britain  Increased the population from to  This was called: The Great Migration

The Great Migration Where Did All the People Come From and Why?

What was the Great Migration? New people to Canada because of bad conditions in Europe Economic changes in Europe led to huge increase in population – Many people were poor Idea was to send the poor people to Canada

Causes – Push & Pull Scottish Highlanders& the Enclosures (Tenant Farmers, Crofters forced off land) Industrial Revolution (machines taking over the jobs of Artisans – skilled workers) Irish Potato Famine Crops destroyed by disease, Irish left because of poverty and hunger

Coffin Ships Immigrants on ships normally used to transport timber; lasted from 20 days to 2 months Irish immigrants fell ill with cholera, typhus in filthy ships (steerage, overcrowded, no bathroom, no air, rats, bad food)

Coffin Ships In 1847, of the Irish died of sickness on the way ; by 1860 the majority of English-speaking were Irish Before arriving in Quebec City or Montreal, all ships had to stop first at a place called Grosse Isle, where sick passengers were removed from the ship and cared for – this was called quarantine

Images of Hope

D. Great Migration Recap Sixty percent of these immigrants to Canada were British. This made them the largest cultural group in Canada. Several immigrant groups had established themselves in Atlantic Canada by The main groups were British, French, and German, but there were also American Loyalists. A significant Black population had created a community in Nova Scotia.

The Underground Railroad

Henry Box Brown

Harriett Tubman

Routes to Freedom

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

Other Changes  In addition to changes to the population, there were 2 other major changes between 1815 and The Timber Trade 2.The End of Competition in the Fur Trade