Magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr Deposits

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Presentation transcript:

Magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr Deposits

Distribution of Magmatic Sulphide Deposits Norilsk Sudbury Bushveld

Magmatic Sulphide Ore (Pyrrhotite and subordinate pentlandite (Fe,Ni)8S9)

Ni Grades and Tonnages

Cu Grades and Tonnages

PGE Grades and Tonnages

Geology of the Sudbury Complex

Evidence of Meteorite Impact Onaping fallback breccia Shatter cones Granophyre - impact melt

Meteorite Impact Origin of the Sudbury Complex Airborne debris Onaping Ejecta Breccia Melt Sulphide concentrations Onaping formation Partial melting Sublayer Sudbury Irruptive Impact Stratigraphy Sudbury Stratigraphy

Sudbury Footwall-Type Deposit

Sudbury Ni-Cu Ores Inclusion Ore Massive Ore Pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite and peridotite inclusions Chalcopyrite Pyrrhotite Pentlandite Massive Ore Pyrrhotite Pentlandite (Fe,Ni)9S8

The Billiard Ball Model of Magmatic Sulphide Textures (Naldrett, 1969)

Fraser and Strathcona Mines Cross-Section

Footwall Ores Chalcopyrite sill with alteration halo cuts off mafic dyke. High PGE into host gneiss Pyrrhotite- and chalcopyrite-dominated veins in footwall gneiss

Oxygen/Sulphur Fugacity and FeO Controls on Sulphur solubility in Silicate Melts Sulphur dissolves H2S at low fO2 and as SO2 at high fO2

Metal partitioning between Sulphide and Silicate Melts Wt.% Metal in Silicate Liquid Wt.% Metal in Sulphide Liquid

The Norilsk Ni-Cu Deposit

A Model for the Norilsk Deposit Flood basalts Gabbro sill Coal-bearing sediments Sulphide Limestones Evaporites Magma dissolves high concentration of sulphur Magma saturates in sulphide due to decrease in fO2 Gabbroic magma

Bushveld Igneous Complex

Bushveld Stratigraphy Merensky Reef Gabbroic anorthosite Critical Zone Chromitite Anorthosite Lower Zone Pyroxenite Harzburgite

Controls on the Formation of Chromitite Layers Magma mixing Assimilation of silica-rich sediments

Merensky Reef Anorthosite Merensky Reef Chromite Pyrrhotite + PGE minerals Chromite

The Role of Convection, Crystal Settling and Repeated Magma Injection in the Bushveld

A Model for the Emplacement of the Bushveld Complex

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