Exponents 1 1 1 1

Ex. (-2a2b3)(-4ab2) Ex. (3ab2)4 Ex. (-2a2b)3(-3ab2)2

Ex. x2nx2n Ex.

Ex. (2x-3y3)2 Ex.

Polynomials A monomial is a number, variable, or a product of these x 4x2y The degree of a monomial is the sum of the powers of the variables 5 5 5 5

5x3 5 is the coefficient x is the base 3 is the exponent or power

The degree of a polynomial is the greatest of the degrees of the terms A polynomial is an expression made up of the sum of monomials, called terms 3x2  monomial 4x2y3 + 5  binomial x4 – 5x + 6  trinomial The degree of a polynomial is the greatest of the degrees of the terms 7 7 7 7

P(x) = 7x4 – 3x2 + 2x – 4 This is a polynomial function 7, -3, 2, and -4 are called coefficients Note that the terms are in descending order with respect to powers 7 is called the lead coefficient because it is the coefficient for the largest power of x -4 is called the constant term because it is not multiplied by the variable

Coefficients can be any real number, but powers of a polynomial must be whole numbers (no negatives or fractions)

Ex. If P(x) = -5x3 + x2 + 3x – 2, find: a) P(-1) b) P(2) c) The degree of P(x) d) The lead coefficient of P(x)

When adding and subtracting polynomials, combine like terms (same variables to the same powers) Ex. (4x2 + 3x – 5) + (x2 – 7x + 10) Ex. (5x2 – x + 6) – (-2x2 + 3x – 11)

Ex. (3a3 – b + 2a – 5) + (a + b + 5) Ex. (12z5 – 12 z3 + z) – (-3z4 + z3 + 12z)

Multiplying Polynomials Ex. -5y2(3y – 4y2) Ex. 3a + 2a(3 – a) Ex. 2a2b(4a2 – 3ab + 2b2) 13 13 13 13

When multiplying bigger polynomials, be sure each term is paired up Ex. (x + 2)(x2 – 3x – 6) 14 14 14 14

Multiplying a binomial by a binomial can be organized by remembering FOIL (3x – 2)(2x + 5) First Outer Inner Last 6x2 15x -4x -10 6x2 + 11x – 10 15 15 15 15

Ex. (6x – 5)(3x – 4) Ex. (2x2 – 3)(x2 – 2) Ex. (3x – 2y)(2x + y) 16 16

Sum and Difference of Two Terms: (a + b)(a – b) = Ex. (2x – 1)(2x + 1)

Square of a Binomial: (a + b)2 = Ex. (5x – 3y)2