Introduction Using graphics Creating graphics Finding graphics Downloading images and video Copyright issues Publishing research using video Talk About It Your Turn Search Engines Tech Tools in this presentation National Archives

Images and other types of graphics can make a powerful impact on readers. For example, what impressions do you get from this photograph of Times Square in New York City?

You can use graphics effectively to deepen your audiences understanding of your research topic. The photograph on the right provides a striking visual example of the idea expressed in the paragraph. Aviation has revolutionized not only the way people travel but the way they view the world.

A graphic is any visual representation other than text. It can be as large as a page or as small as a thumbnail print of a picture. advertisements maps tables charts diagrams cartoons video clipspaintings clip art graphs photographs

Graphics often are used to supplement text to clarify important concepts. The Wright brothers used a biplane design for their first flyer. This type of aircraft has two sets of fixed wings, with one set located above the other.

Which of these two graphics would add the most to a research project about Amelia Earhart? Graphics should supply information that helps explain the research without distracting the reader. Amelia Earhart stamp The route of Amelia Earharts final flight Although both are interesting, the map supplies more information about Amelia Earhart than does the commemorative stamp. ©The Granger Collection, New York

You can create your own graphics or you can search for graphics on the Internet. Your research topic might determine which option is more appropriate for you. Create your own graphics if you have the ability or the opportunity. For example, you might record video footage of ponds in your area for a project about the sources of freshwater pollution. Search the Internet for graphics if you need graphics that you cannot create or if you need more variety. For example, you could locate historical photographs of Amelia Earhart for a project about this famous aviator.

You dont have to be an artist to create your own graphics. You can create graphics for your research project in many formats. Take your own photographs. Draw or paint original graphics. Make your own videos.

Take your own digital photos and create pictures you need for research purposes by accessing free online tools such as these: Paint.Netfree image and photo editing software for Windows VicMan's Photo Editorfree photo editing software that allows you to edit your digital photos easily

The Internet is an excellent source of digital graphics that can add information and visual appeal to your research project. You can use a hyperlink to link your text to a Web page that will allow readers to learn more about a specific topic. The Federal Aviation Administration was created in 1958 to regulate all aspects of civilian and military air travel in the United States.

The historical photograph adds both information and visual interest to the slide. This student used Internet graphics in a multimedia slideshow about American aviator Charles Lindbergh. The video clip allows viewers to experience Lindberghs flight from a firsthand perspective.

Many online sources relating directly to your topic also will include relevant images that may be useful in your research. For example, both the text and the images on the USDA Forest Service Web site could prove useful for a research project about aviation.

Search engines can help you locate images and videos on the Internet quickly and efficiently. You might search image- sharing sites such as Flickr and Fotki for images use a search engine such as Google to find free videos (Flickr) Reproduced with permission of Yahoo! Inc. ©2008 by Yahoo! and the Yahoo! logo are trademarks of Yahoo! Inc.

Some Web sites, such as TeacherTube, contain searchable collections of free video clips that you can use in your research project. Enter keywords to find video clips about your topic. You can sort the results by date added, title, view count, or rating.

To download an image file from the Internet to your computer, right-click the graphic and select Save Picture As or Save Image As to open the dialog box and save or export the file to your computer.

1.To download a video file from TeacherTube, click the file name. You can download video files to use in your research project as long as you have a free media player such as RealPlayer or iTunes. 2. Then, click Download This Video. 3.The file should start downloading automatically.

For a historical research project, consider searching for graphics on the National Archives Web site. The National Archives Web site contains a vast amount of primary digital sources, including images and motion picture recordings.

The Still Pictures unit of the National Archives contains historical photographs of a wide range of topics in American history.

The National Archives Web site includes digital video recordings of famous historical events. Use keywords to search the archives for video clips about your topic. To find only video clips, be sure to narrow your search to Moving Images. Click View/Play to view a specific video clip.

Whenever you use graphics created by others, you must be mindful of copyright issues. Copyright laws protect the right of the person or persons who created the graphic to say how it can be used. Public domain means that the graphic is not copyrighted, and no rights are retained by the author.

The copyright protections that you normally associate with print also govern the use of audio, video, images, and text on the Internet. Downloading music and video files without the permission of the copyright owner is a copyright infringement. Although it is easy to take images from sites on the Internet, you should not do so without the creators permission. A document may be copyrighted even if copyright restrictions are not explicitly stated. Always assume that materials such as documents, images, and video clips are copyrighted.

There is a way to use graphics or information created by someone else without having to get written permission. According to the rules of fair use, you may use copyrighted material without permission under the following circumstances: You use it for educational purposes You give credit to the creator You are not making money from your work Your work will have a fairly small audience

Many graphics posted on image-sharing Web sites such as Flickr are covered by a Creative Commons copyright. You may use graphics with this type of copyright license for noncommercial purposes. Remember: You can avoid potential copyright issues by using your own graphics whenever possible. (Flickr) Reproduced with permission of Yahoo! Inc. ©2008 by Yahoo! and the Yahoo! logo are trademarks of Yahoo! Inc.

If you have decided to publish your research as a video, there are several ways that you can distribute your work to others. One way is to post your video to your own personal Web site. If you do not have a Web site, you can create one with the help of free software you can find by entering create a Web site into a search engine.

If you do not have a Web site and do not want to create one, you can post your video to the Web site of a video-hosting provider such as Mydeo or Neptune.com. You can access video-hosting provider Web sites through movie-editing software such as Movie Maker (part of Microsoft Windows) or iMovie (for the Mac platform), or you can simply visit their Web sites. Once your video is posted, you can direct others to visit a URL given to you by the video-hosting provider.

Another way to publish your research as a video is to make a CD or DVD and then distribute it to others. Movie Maker and iMovie help users save their videos as high- quality video files and then burn them to CDs or DVDs. The quality of videos burned on DVDs might be better than those burned on CDs. Burned CDs and DVDs can be played in most DVD players.

Another way to publish your research as a video is to distribute it to others via . This is a speedy solution, but the downside is that the quality of the video will not be as good as that of a CD or DVD. Movie-editing software such as Movie Maker or iMovie assists users in creating a lower-resolution version of their video that can be attached to an message.

Discuss the following questions with your classmates. 1.What are some benefits and challenges you expect when creating your own graphics? When finding graphics on the Internet? 2. Have you ever used search engines to locate images or video clips? How helpful were these online tools? 3. For which types of projects would images be more appropriate than video clips and vice versa? 4. How do copyright issues affect you in your use of graphics and video in your research project?

Using both the National Archives and search engines, locate four graphics and videos that might be relevant sources of information for the research topic below. How has the power of the executive branch of the United States government evolved over the past thirty years?

1.National Archives photograph of President Carters 1977 visit to Mexico 2.Video of President Carter speaking about the Persian Gulf.

3.Photograph of President George W. Bush and his Cabinet in 2004 (from search engine) 4.12/18/07 video clip of press briefing about President Bushs visit to the Middle East

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