“First They Came for the Jews” By Pastor Martin Niemöller and I did not speak out — because I was not a Jew.   Then they came for the communists and I did not speak out — because I was not a communist.  Then they came for the trade unionists and I did not speak out — because I was not a trade unionist. Then they came for me — and by then there was no one left to speak out for me.

Who is to Blame? Night

ASSIGNMENT Directions: You will be determining who was responsible for creating the Holocaust and to what extent they are guilty of crimes against humanity. Create a pie chart in which you assign the person(s) listed the percentage of responsibility you believe they should bear for the Holocaust. Remember, all percentages must add up to 100%.

PIE CHART COLORS RED: Local residents BLUE: Minor Nazi soldiers GREEN: Hitler YELLOW: German citizens ORANGE: Cooperative Jews PURPLE: Top SS Officers BROWN: Non-Jewish Europeans WHITE: Leaders of Allies (USSR, USA, & British Empire) PINK: Churches BLACK: Yahweh, the God of the Jewish faith

Who’s to Blame Explanation Directions: Write a short answer response, at least three (3) sentences, for each group explaining why they receive a given percentage of the blame. Be specific! Short answer responses must be submitted on a separate piece of paper, be neat, and without spelling errors.

OBEDIENCE Does mankind instinctively question and challenge authority, or is mankind more likely to obey authority? Does this change if an individual is institutionalized?

OBEDIENCE: The Milgram Experiment (1961) INSPIRED Trial of German Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann (1961) TEST QUESTION "Was there a mutual sense of morality among those involved?" or were these accomplices simply following orders?

OBEDIENCE: The Milgram Experiment The experimenter (E) orders the teacher (T), the subject of the experiment, to give what the latter believes are painful electric shocks to a learner (L), who is actually an actor […]. The subject believes that for each wrong answer, the learner was receiving actual electric shocks, though in reality there were no such punishments. Being separated from the subject, the [actor] set up a tape recorder integrated with the electro-shock generator, which played pre- recorded sounds for each shock level.

OBEDIENCE: The Milgram Experiment (1961)

OBEDIENCE: The Milgram Experiment (1961) PREDICTION “Before conducting the experiment, Milgram polled fourteen Yale University senior-year psychology majors to predict the behavior of 100 hypothetical teachers. All of the poll respondents believed that only a very small fraction of teachers (the range was from zero to 3 out of 100, with an average of 1.2) would be prepared to inflict the maximum voltage”

OBEDIENCE: The Milgram Experiment (1961) RESULTS “In Milgram's first set of experiments, 65 percent (26 of 40) of experiment participants administered the experiment's final massive 450-volt shock, though many were very uncomfortable doing so; at some point, every participant paused and questioned the experiment, some said they would refund the money they were paid for participating in the experiment.”

FROM Milgram’s “The Perils of Obedience”: “Ordinary people, simply doing their jobs, and without any particular hostility on their part, can become agents in a terrible destructive process.”

Who is to Blame? Are members of the Nazi forces still largely guilty if mankind is innately susceptible to obeying authority? YOU DECIDE: Graphs due Tuesday, May 17th

Additional Resources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milgram_experi ment#Results http://videosift.com/video/The-Original- Milgram-Experiment-1961