Basics of Organic Chemistry. explain that there are many organic compounds because carbon atoms can form four bonds recall the formulae of methane, ethane,

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Presentation transcript:

Basics of Organic Chemistry

explain that there are many organic compounds because carbon atoms can form four bonds recall the formulae of methane, ethane, propane, ethene and propene, and draw the structures of their molecules. By the end of these two pages you should be able to: C2.5.1 Targets Basics of Organic Chemistry

Organic

carbon atom hydrogen atom

carbon atom oxygen atom hydrogen atom

carbon atom oxygen atom hydrogen atom nitrogen atom

carbon atom oxygen atom hydrogen atom nitrogen atom

carbon atom oxygen atom hydrogen atom nitrogen atom sulphur atom

carbon atom oxygen atom hydrogen atom nitrogen atom

carbon atom oxygen atom hydrogen atom nitrogen atom sulphur atom all are non-metals

Organic Compounds CARBON

Organic Compounds What is so special about carbon? forms 4 bonds with other non-metals and itself so, form molecules with… chains, branches, rings of atoms

Organic Compounds alkanes Important families of hydrocarbons alkenes carbon atoms joined to each other by SINGLE bonds to form chains e.g. propane two of the carbon atoms in the molecule joined to each other by a DOUBLE bond e.g. butene

Organic Compounds Drawing simplified molecular structures C C C H H H HH H H H 1. Write the correct number of Cs in a line 2. Draw a bond between each carbon atom 3. Add enough bonds so that each C has four 4. Write an H on the end of each bond a DISPLAYED formula C3H8C3H8 a MOLECULAR formula e.g. PROPANE, an alkane in an alkane the number of Hs is always 2xCs + 2

Organic Compounds Drawing simplified molecular structures C C C C 1. Write the correct number of Cs in a line 2. Draw a DOUBLE bond between two of the Cs and a single bond between the other carbon atoms 3. Add enough bonds so that each C has four 4. Write an H on the end of each bond H H HH H H H H C4H8C4H8 e.g. BUTENE, an alkene in an alkene the number of Hs is always 2xCs

Organic Compounds Drawing simplified molecular structures C C C C 1. Write the correct number of Cs in a line 2. Draw a DOUBLE bond between two of the Cs and a single bond between the other carbon atoms 3. Add enough bonds so that each C has four 4. Write an H on the end of each bond H H HH H H H H C4H8C4H8 e.g. PENTANE, an alkane in an alkene the number of Hs is always 2xCs C