copyright cmassengale Bellwork Open your notebook to the bellwork section, What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think of the following terms: Astronomy Chemistry Physics Biology copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale CHAMPS C-Conversation- NO H-Help- Raise your hand A- Activity- We are taking notes M- No movement P- sit quietly, eyes on paper, teacher or board. Writing S- signal copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Study of Biology copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things. Bio-life Logy-study of Living things are called organisms Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals copyright cmassengale
All Organisms are made of Cells copyright cmassengale
Basic Structure of a Cell copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Cell Size and Types Cells, the basic units of organisms, can only be observed under microscope Three Basic types of cells include: Bacterial Cell Animal Cell Plant Cell copyright cmassengale
Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote Prokaryote (Unicellular) – composed of one cell ex. bacteria Eukaryote (Multi cellular)- composed of many cells ex. Animal cell and plant cell copyright cmassengale
Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells Animal Cell Plant Cell copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Organelles Very small (Microscopic) Perform various functions for a cell Found in the cytoplasm May or may not be membrane-bound copyright cmassengale
Animal Cell Organelles Ribosome (attached) Nucleolus Ribosome (free) Nucleus Cell Membrane Nuclear envelope Mitochondrion Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Centrioles Golgi apparatus copyright cmassengale
Cell or Plasma Membrane (Honors) Surrounds outside of ALL cells Controls what enters or leaves the cell Outside of cell Inside (cytoplasm) Cell membrane Proteins Protein channel Lipid bilayer Carbohydrate chains copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Cytoplasm of a Cell cytoplasm Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane copyright cmassengale
The Control Organelle - Nucleus Controls the normal activities of the cell Contains the DNA in chromosomes Bounded by a nuclear envelope (membrane) with pores Usually the largest organelle copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Nuclear Envelope Double membrane surrounding nucleus Also called nuclear membrane Nuclear pores copyright cmassengale
The genetic material (DNA) is found Inside the Nucleus - The genetic material (DNA) is found copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale What Does DNA do? DNA is the hereditary material of the cell copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Nucleolus Inside nucleus Directs the nucleus. copyright cmassengale
Mitochondrion (plural = mitochondria) “Powerhouse” of the cell Generate cellular energy (ATP) More active cells like muscle cells have MORE mitochondria copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Interesting Fact --- Mitochondria Come from cytoplasm in the EGG cell during fertilization Therefore … You inherit your mitochondria from your mother! copyright cmassengale
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) Has ribosomes on its surface Makes membrane proteins and proteins for EXPORT out of cell copyright cmassengale
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER lacks ribosomes on its surface Is attached to the ends of rough ER Makes cell products that are USED INSIDE the cell copyright cmassengale
Ribosomes are made of proteins Can be attached to Rough ER OR Be free (unattached) in the cytoplasm copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Golgi Bodies Look like a stack of pancakes Modify, sort, & package molecules from ER for storage OR transport out of cell copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Golgi Animation Materials are transported from Rough ER to Golgi to the cell membrane by VESICLES copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Lysosomes Contain digestive enzymes digest the food & get rid of wastes copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Lysosome Digestion Cells take in food by phagocytosis copyright cmassengale
Cilia & Flagella- Locomotion (movement) Cilia are shorter and more numerous on cells Flagella are longer and fewer copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Vacuoles Fluid filled sacks for storage copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Cell Size Question: Are the cells in an elephant bigger, smaller, or about the same size as those in a mouse? copyright cmassengale
copyright cmassengale Cell Size Question: Are the cells in an elephant bigger, smaller, or about the same size as those in a mouse? About the same size, but … The elephant has MANY MORE cells than a mouse! copyright cmassengale