Five Kingdoms of Living Things Created by Stella Thalluri 2014 www.beaconmedia.com.au

Five Kingdoms of Living Things God’s benevolence is attested to by His abundant provision for the needs of His creatures and in His constant sustaining of the cosmos. God is the Creator of all things (Genesis 1:1, Exodus 20:11, Ecclesiastes 11:5; Romans 1:20).

Five Kingdoms of Living Things God preserves and controls His creation so that it continues to function as He planned (Genesis 1; Nehemiah 9:6; Job 9:5-7; Amos 4:6-10). God uses the creation to reveal His existence and character (Romans 1:20; Hebrews 3:3-4).

Five Kingdoms of Living Things Classification is simply a way to put an order to God's creation. Biologists have taken an enormous amount of data and have arranged it into five kingdoms of living things. These classification systems allow us to see the similarities and relationships that exist between organisms in creation. The five kingdom classification is the most important contribution biologists have made in understanding God’s creation.

Each living thing must have most of the following: Ability to MOVE around from place to place, or make things inside it move around EAT to get energy to breathe, move, and grow GROW during its lifetime BREATHE in gases REPRODUCE to make the next generation CHANGE as it reacts to the environment

Remembering is easy! My - move Eggs are- eat Baked with- breathe Green and- grow Red - reproduce Capsicums - change

The biodiversity of God’s creation organised into a ‘five kingdom’  Note: The recent discovery of Bacteria which is part of God's creation that live in extreme environment are placed under the Archaea. Bacteria and Archaea come under Monera.

The 5 Kingdoms Taxonomy a. the science of identifying, naming, and classifying Classification a. the act of placing objects in groups based on characteristics Scientists use both of these to organize living organisms. The largest group living things are placed in is a kingdom (there are 5). The smallest classification group is the species. The second smallest is the genus.

Protista: Complex, single-celled life forms (eukaryotic) Usually can only be seen through a microscope Can be parasites that cause disease Can make its own food or feed on other living things A protist has a nucleus. Examples: ameba, paramecium, simple algae paramecium ameba

Monera: Simple single cells (prokaryotic) Shaped like rods, spirals, and round balls So small they can only be seen through a microscope No nucleus! Example: bacteria Bacteria

Monera and Protista protista monera living Has a nucleus Eukaryotic (complex) Most are single celled Prokaryotic (simple) Producers Or consumers protista monera living Examples: Kelp, ameba, paramecium No nucleus Has a nucleus Bacteria

Fungi: Many-celled organisms Absorb food from living or dead things (consumers). Parasitic “plants” (They are not true plants because they do not have chlorophyll to make their own food.) Examples: mushrooms, bread mold, penicillin, mildew, and yeast

Plants: Many-celled Contain chlorophyll used to make their own food (producers) and gives them a green color (photosynthesis) Have cell walls and large vacuoles Divided into two main groups: vascular and nonvascular plants

I. Two major groups of plants: A. Vascular plants: 1. Have conducting tissues (xylem and phloem), leaves, stems and roots. 2. Have a root system for anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil. 3. Have vessels that make tubes for moving water throughout the plant.

B. Non-vascular plants   1. Do not have conducting tissues, leaves and roots. They are small. 2. Require water for fertilization so they must grow in moist habitats. 3. Reproduce by spores. 4. Have rhizoids that hold them in place.

Vascular and Nonvascular Tall Has roots, root hairs, stems, tubes Some have flowers, fruit, seeds Chlorophyll Some reproduce by spores Have a cell wall Need water, air, sunlight Short Do not have roots, leaves, flowers, root hairs, stems, fruit, tubes, seeds Chlorophyll Reproduce by spores Have a cell wall Need water, air, sunlight Have rhizoids that hold them in place but do not absorb water or nutrients

Vascular Vs. Non-Vascular has roots short chlorophyll have root hairs no roots vascular non-vascular Have plant cells can be tall Have vacuoles & cell walls Don’t have leaves, stems, or seeds anchored to dirt Make their own food

Connecting Learning Draw a picture of the celery and moss the next day. Mark the waterline on your cup. Find and record the ending mass of the celery and moss. Measure the height of the celery and the moss. Record all information with labels. How did the moss and celery change? Which plant moved the most water? Explain with data. Which structures help vascular plants move water? Why do you think vascular plants are larger than nonvascular? Is an oak tree a vascular or nonvascular plant? How did this experiment help you with this question? What are you wondering now?

Animals: Divided into 2 main groups: 1. Invertebrates: animals without backbones 2. Vertebrates: animals with backbones Vertebrate Invertebrate

Vertebrates and Invertebrates Some have an exoskeleton Have backbones Vertebrates Invertebrates Exo means outside No backbones Have an endoskeleton Endo means inside

Fish Physical features: Fins Gills Cold-blooded Scales Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Vertebrates Facts: Fish breathe. Fish lay eggs.

Amphibians Physical Features: Moist, slimy bodies Live on land AND in water Breathe with gills as well as lungs (sometimes in different stages of life) Cold-blooded Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Vertebrates Facts: They lay eggs in moist places. They may have gills that develop into lungs.

Reptiles Physical Features: Dry, scaly skin Cold-blooded Breathe with lungs Spend most of their time on land Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Vertebrates Facts: There are 4 types: lizards, snakes, turtles, and alligators/crocodiles. Most lay eggs.

Birds Physical Features Warm-blooded Covered with feathers Live on land, in trees, & on water Don’t have front legs Have wings Have short, soft feathers called down Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Vertebrates Facts: Birds have beaks. Most fly. Few live in cold weather. They have hollow bones. Some have webbed feet.

Mammals Physical Features: Warm-blooded Have hair/fur to keep warm Breathe with lungs Give birth to live young, lay eggs, or have babies in pouches (marsupials). Feed or nurse their young (milk glands) Can be carnivores (meat eaters), herbivores (plant eaters), or omnivores (plant/meat eaters)

Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Vertebrates Facts: Keep steady body temperatures. Some have fat/blubber to keep warm (whales). We are mammals! Temperature does not affect their activity levels.

Sponges Physical Features: Live in water. Have no heads or faces. Have small openings, or holes (for breathing). Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates Facts: Sponges are the simplest invertebrates. Most sponges in kitchens are artificial.

Mollusks Physical Features: Have soft bodies like worms. Have two body openings. Some have a mantel (hard protective covering). A snail does; an octopus does not. Some have a strong muscular foot (not feet—just one foot). Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates Facts: There are 3 types: snails, scallops, and octopus. They are found in fresh/saltwater or on land.

Spiny-Skinned Animals Physical Features: Have spines that cover their bodies. Have tube feet. Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates Facts: They live in oceans. They can pull off a scallop’s shell to eat the soft animal inside!

Hollow-Bodied Animals Physical Features: Have a hollow center lined with digestive cells. Have tentacles with sting ray cells. Have a mouth. Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates Facts: ERT find out characteristics of this animal group.

Flatworms & Roundworms Physical Features: They feed on other plants or animals (parasites). Can be round or flat. Roundworms live in soil. Flatworms live in salt/freshwater. Flatworms have one hole. Roundworms have two. Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates Facts: They are more simple than segmented worms. Tape worms can grow up to 72 feet!

Segmented Worms Physical features: Have two openings for digestion. Have a segmented body. Have a brain, heart, and blood. Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates Facts: They are found in soil or fresh/saltwater.

Arthropods Physical Features: Have an exoskeleton. Have jointed legs. Crab Arthropods Physical Features: Have an exoskeleton. Have jointed legs. Have segmented bodies. Most have eyes and feelers called antennas. Classification Groups: Animal Kingdom, Invertebrates Facts: They live in fresh/saltwater or on land. Insects, arachnids (spiders/ticks/scorpions), and crustaceans (lobsters/crabs/shrimps) are included in the Arthropod group. They are the largest animal group that exists. Arachnid (tarantula) insect

Can you compare and contrast the 5 kingdoms? Moneran Protist Fungus Plant Animal One-celled Has a nucleus more complex than monera Most are many- celled Many- Celled 2 main Groups Vascular Non- vascular Many- celled Vertebrates invertebrates One-celled with no membrane Bacteria Paramecium

References http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology http://palaeos.com/tellurobiota/kingdoms.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology) http://tubman.wikispaces.com/ Nature of Biology Book 1 4E by Judith Kinnear and Marjory Martin Nelsons Biology VCE Units 1 and 2